2012 VERY DANGEROUS RABID RACISM PROPAGATION OF RAJAPAKSE
Voie très dangereuse de propagation racisme enragé de RAJAPAKSE
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rdcmCI,d wo wi,ajeis bxoSh n,j;dg tfrysj lrk fudav fkdfydìkd ;=mamys ;srsika foaYmd,kh ksid uq¿ rgu len,slr,Sfï wk;=rlg Ndckh lr we;' |
rdcmCI,df.a mqoa.,sl n,h /l.ekSug f.dia uyd Nhdkl my;a cd;sjdoh l%shd;aul lr,Su ksid b;sydifha fmr ljuodlj;a we;s fkdjq uyd jHikhla wm rgg;a cd;shg;a w;alr fohs' tksidu rdcmCI,df.a tu fkdfydìkd ;=mamys fudav ;srsika foaYmd,kh uq¿ rgu len,slr,Sfï uyd wk;=rlg Ndckh lr we;' iq<Õs,a, ;rug bosfukakg fkdf.dia n,j;=ka iuÕ fudav WoaOÉP whqrska yemafmkakg f.dia ish¨ úkdYhka <.d lrf.k yudrh' jydu rdcmCI,d n, lEorh bj; oud f.or fkd.shfyd;a Tjqkag w;ajkafka o áhqksishdj" BÔma;=j" ,sìhdj" nqreuh" jeks fudav WoaOÉP md,lhkag w;ajq brKu nj l=vd orejl= mjd wo oks;s'
tksid l,afõ,d we;sj wm foia úfoia ,dxlsh uq¿uy;a ck;djf.kau b,a,d isákafka" fudav rdcmCI,df.a mqoa.,sl n,h /l.ekSu wruqKska wm ck;dj f.dka yrla /<la hehs is;d wysxil Tjqkaj fndrefjka jxpdfjka lmálfuka rjgd" wgjkakg hk wka;jdos fudav l=yl cd;sjdoS fm%davdjka lsisjlg wiqfkdjk j.g wm fuhska ck;djg l,a;nd oeKqï fouq' hful= tu fm%davdjkag /já ienE foaYfødays n,f,daNS rdcmCI,dg Wmldrlr rg len,sj,g lvd fjkalr iyfhda.h ÿka ienE foaYfødaysfhla jkjdo keoao hkak oyiajrla is;kak' wm tä;r ùfrdaOdr ;%súO yuqodfjda iy fmd,sia n,ldhka Ôú; mrs;Hd.fhka ,nd ÿka ta ksoyi iy rg len,sj,g lvd fjkalr wmf.a ñh.sh iy wín.d;hka ù isák ta cd;sl ùrhka wuq wuqfõ mdjd oS Tn;a foaYfødays iene cd;sl mdm;rhka jkjdo hkak oyiajrla is;kak'
rdcmCI,df.a mqoa.,sl n,h /l.ekSug fhdok fuu w¨;a mkakfha kj cd;sjdos fm%davdjka fjkqfjka ck;dj fkduÕ heùu i|yd oekgu;a rg fírd.kakg l%shdl< ifydaor fid,aodÿfjda iy ;ek ;ek isxy,-fou<-uqia,sï ;reK ;reKshka iy fj<o jHdmdrslhka o foaYmd,lhka o fndfyda fofkla rdcmCI,df.au iqÿjEka uerl,a,s úiska oskm;d >d;khlrkq we;' tu >d;k bxoSh rcfha wkqoeKqfuka mqyqKqj ,;a 150 fofkl=f.ka iukaú; ;ñ,akdvqfõ isg meñKs ,xldfõ øúv ;%ia;jdoSka úiska lrk ñkSuereï njg Tmamqlr,Sug rdcmCI,d j,slkq we;' tfy;a ta fm%davdjka lsisjlg Y%S ,dxlsh nqoaêu;a ck;dj;a" bxoSh rch;a tu ck;dj;a" f,dal n,j;=ka iy f,dal m%cdj;a wo ;U i;hlgj;a udhsï fkdlrk ksid rdcmCI,d y;afmdf<au .d f.k wKdf.k uq¿ f,dalhu .| .iaijd yudrh' ;j ;j;a ksrmrdfoa wysxil ck;dj fkdurd fndrefjka fm%davdfjka je<ls fkdokakd foaYmd,kh lr rg ;j ;j;a w÷re w.dohg weo fkdoud f.or hkakg oeka ld,h ta ish,a,gu Wodù we;'
W;=r-kef.kysr muKla fkdj ol=fKa o we;s iEu ìï wÕ<lau wo wdrCId lrkafka md,kh lrkafka rdcmCIf.au ;%súO yuqod fmd,Sish úiska kï rg ;=< fujeks .sys-meúos ñksia >d;k" yuqod >d;k" meyer .ekSï" w;=reoyka lr,Sï" bula fldKla ke;s ;srsika mqoa.,sl m<s.ekSï" cd;sl fl!;=ld.dr uxfld,a, lEï jeks ¥IS; uxfld,a, isÿlrkafka fjk fudk tldo@ jxpdfjka ¥Ikfhka uxfld,a, lEfuka hk iEu w;skau ck;dj iQrd ld uyd by< w.%.kfha fldaám;shka njg m;aj bkafka md,l rdcmCI frcsufha tjqjka fkdfj o@ tksidu wo foaYmd,k nvf.daia;rjd oS ish¨ rdcmCIjdoS fiiq whf.a o meje;au ù we;af;a uxfld,a, lEï iy wmrdo lr,Sï ;=<skah' tu ksidu iudkH ck;djg o krlska Ôj;ajkakg isÿj we;' wo úfoaY.;j oy ÿla uykaisfhka yrsyïnlrka ,xldjg hk msrsiaj,g mjd muKla fkdj froaola jef<a oud fõ,.kakg ners;rug idudkH ck;djg o uqyqK fokakg isÿj ;sîu rdcmCI,df.a ;l;Sre wuk md,kh ksid nj f,dalhdu oks;s'
W.;a mdvï fldñifï ish¨ ks¾foaYhka cSksjdj,g /f.k .sfha;a rdcmCI,df.a ish leue;af;ka Tjqkaf.au jqjukdjka mrsos nj ljqre;a oks;s' tfy;a Tjqkaf.au fhdackdj,g tfrys ù ck;dj cd;sjdofhka rjgd,Sug lrk fm%davdfõ uyd Nhdkl;ajh fkdf;afrkafka wo l=uk fudavhdg o' uyd mrsudk ¥IK jxpd ksid rdcmCI rch wo iEu w;skau nxfldf<d;a ù yudrh' t ksid ck;d b,a,Sï ke.sàï bgqlr oSug lsisfia;au yelshdjla Tjqkg fkdue;' t ksid rg kej; jdrhla cd;sjdoS wr.,hlg /f.k hdfï miqìu ilialr yels;dla ld,hla n,h /lf.k rg iqoaolr,Su fudjqkaf.a tlu n,dfmfrd;a;=j fõ' tksidu Ök wêrdcHjdoSka úiska bxoSh iy hqfrdamd n,j;=kag tfrysj wgjk W.=,a f.ä msáka .s,oud wm rgg wysxil ck;djg rdcmCI,d lrk Nhdkl;ajfha wjidkh Y%S ,xldj fï f,dal n,j;=kaf.a n,.;= wdishdkq hqo msáh njg m;alr wm rg len,sj,g lvd mdjdoSu nj foia úfoia W.;a nqoaêu;a úpdrlhkaf.a;a AHFESL.ORG wmf.a;a tlu u;h nj wu;l fkdlrkak' tjeks wjdikdjka; ld,mrsÉfÊohla wm rgg cd;shg oel oel Wodjkjdg leue;s jkafka fudk wuk fudav isxy,hd o@
fuu ;l;Sre wuk foaYmd,k ish¨ fm%davdjka fuu msgqj ;=< wm oskm;d ;nkafkuq' ta ish¨ i;H f;dr;=re wm ,nd.kakd ckudOHhka ;=<ska ta wdldrfhkau lsis÷ ixfYdaOkhlska f;drj wm ;nk w;r ta fjkqfjka wm olajk woyia iy f;dr;=re fjkuu ta my<ska m<lrkq we;' iuyr ckudOHhka fufyhjk wl=re j¾.hka (police) wm Ndú;d fkdlrk ksid tu udOHhkaf.a iïnkaO;d wm fuys iEu msgqjlu mdfya Tn,df.a myiqjg ;nd we;s nj wu;l fkdlrkak'
AHFESL.ORG (06.04.2012)
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,xldjg fuu bxoSh Ök wk;=reodhl;ajh iy rdcmCI crd foaYmd,kh rgg n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn|j wm AHFESL.ORG ;nd we;s fmr l,dm n,kak fuu my; tu iïnkaO;d yryd we;=,ajkak
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wúysxidjdofha mshdf.a iy ndolaI jHdmdr ks¾ud;Df.a fn,a, lv,d

Gandhi_Head_Broken_LeN_06.04.2012
^,xld B ksõia -2012'wfm%a,a'06" m'j'5'00-fojk ixialrKh m'j'10'00& uvl,mq k.rfha T¾f,daiq lkqj wi, msysgqjd ;snQ wúysxidjdofha mshd f,i ie,flk uy;aud .dkaê ;=udf.a ms<srefõ iy nd,olaI jHdmdrfha ks¾ud;D fíâka mfj,a idñjrhdf.a ms<srefõ ysia fldgia lsishï wka;jd§ka msßila úiska Bfha rd;%S lvd oud we;ehs jd¾;d fõ' fï w;r uvl,mqfõ mdi,a folla wi, msysgd ;snQ ;j;a ms,srE follg;a fuu lKavdhu w,dN ydks isÿlr ;sfí' fou< yskaÿ iudc fiajlfhl= jQ iajdñ úmq,kkao¾ iy fou< cd;sl lúfhl= jQ m,j¾ukS fmßh ;ïì ms,af,a fofokdf.a ms<srE fufia úkdY lr we;' fuf;la lsisÿ iellrefjl= w;a wvx.=jg f.k ke;'
wdrlaIl yuqod úiska uvl,mq k.rh mqrd rd;%shg ±ä wdrlaIdjla imhoa§ lsisfjl= fujka l%shdjla isÿ lr m,d hkafka flfia±hs m%foaYjdiSyq m%Yak lr;s'
uy;aud .dkaê ms<srej bÈlr jir 50 lg;a jvd ld,hls' b;d oreKq cd;sjd§ hqo .egqï meje;s jljdkq j, mjd fuu ms<srE úkdY lsÍug lsisfjl= W;aidy flf<a ke;'
nd,olaI jHdmdrhg jir ishhla msÍu ksñ;af;ka oUq,af,a meje;s cïfndaßh újD; flf<ao ckdêm;sjrhdf.a iyNd.s;ajfhks' ta miq.sh wfm%a,a 01 odh' 05 fjksod rd;%sfha tys ks¾ud;Df.a ms,srefõ fn,a, lvd ±óu b;du;a ;srYaÖk f.da;%sl l%shdjls'
óg fmro kef.kysr ;%su,fha mqrdK m%;sud j,g wka;jd§ka úiska ydks lr ;sìK
fiahdrE j,ska ±lafjkafka .dkaê;=udf.a iy fíâka mfj,a idñjrhdf.a ms,srE j,g ydks lr ;snQ wkaouhs'
Necks of Father of ahimsa and the Founder of scouts movement broken
(Lanka-e-News-07.April.2012, 9.30PM) The statues of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of ahimsa campaign , and Sir Baden Powell, the founder of the Scouts movement located near the Clock tower at Batticaloa had been decapitated yesterday night by a group of extremists , according to reports.
Moreover . this group had damaged another two statues situated near two Schools in Batticaloa causing grave losses.. The two statues thus damaged are of Swami Vipulanandar , a Hindu social worker and Pulavar Periyathamby Pillai , a Tamil poet. As always , no suspects have been arrested yet.
The residents who are baffled ask , how these destructions could have taken place without the suspects getting caught when the whole of Batticaloa town is abounding with security personnel who are on duty even in the night.
The statue of Mahatma Gandhi had been erected as far back as 50 years ago.. Even during the period of the most bitter racial conflicts nobody tried to destroy this statue which did no harm to anybody .
Interestingly it was President Rajapakse who inaugurated the 100th birth anniversary of the Scouts movement at its jamboree held in Dambulla. That was on the 1st of April 2012. Hence , decapitating the statue of the founder of the scouts movement four days later on the 5th is not only most repugnant but also a poor reflection on the President , for whoever who did this had disgraced the country and its leader by this barbaric act (if the leader is not directly involved).
Earlier too extremists damaged harmless statues of historic value in Trincomalee .No officials took any interest to duly mete out deterrent punishment to the criminals.
These pictures depict the damage caused to the statues of Gandhi and Sir Baden Powell.
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තමිල්නාඩුවේ කඳවුරු තුනක අවි පුහුණුව ලැබූ
ත්රස්තවාදීන් 150ක් උ/නැගෙනහිර හැංගිලා
ධීවරයන් ලෙස බෝට්ටු මගින් ශ්රී ලංකාවට ඇවිත්
හේමන්ත රන්දුණු සහ ත්රිකුණාමලය - සමන් මල්ලවාරච්චි
ඉන්දියාවේ තමිල්නාඩු ප්රාන්තයේ රහසිගත කඳවුරු තුනකදී අවි ආයුධ පුහුණුව ලැබූ සන්නද්ධ ත්රස්තවාදීන් එකසිය පනස් දෙනකුට ආසන්න පිරිසක් උතුරු නැගෙනහිර ප්රදේශවලට පැමිණ සැඟවී සිටින බවට තොරතුරු පොලිස් බුද්ධි අංශ මගින් අනාවරණය කරගෙන ඇත.
උතුරු නැගෙනහිර ප්රදේශවල විවිධ ත්රස්තවාදී ක්රියා සිදුකිරීම සඳහාත් එම ප්රදේශවල පවතින සාමකාමී වාතාවරණය අවුල් කිරීම සඳහාත් මොවුන් පැමිණ සිටින බවද වාර්තා වී තිබේ.
එම ත්රස්තවාදීන් පිළිබඳව තොරතුරු හෙළිදරව් වූයේ ත්රිකුණාමල ප්රදේශයේදී ඊ.පී.ඩී.පී. සාමාජිකයකු කපා කොටා ඝාතනය කිරීමේ සිද්ධියට සම්බන්ධ සැකකරුවන් තිදෙනකු අත්අඩංගුවට ගෙන ප්රශ්න කිරීමෙන් අනතුරුවය.
මෙම ත්රස්තවාදීන් තිදෙනා කලක් කොටි සංවිධානයේ ප්රබලයන්ව සිsටි අය බව ද දැන් හෙළිවී තිබේ. කොටි ත්රස්තවාදීන් පරාජයට පත්වීමෙන් පසු මෙම කොටි සාමාජිකයන් මුහුදු මාර්ග ඔස්සේ ඉන්දියාවට පලාගොස් එහි සැඟව සිට ඇතැයිද හෙළිවී ඇත.
පසුව මොවුන් තමිල්නාඩුව ප්රදේශයේ පිහිටි රහසිගත කොටි කඳවුරු තුනකදී පුහුණුව ලබා නැවත හොර රහසේම ශ්රී ලංකාවට පැමිණ ඇති බවද හෙළිදරව් වී ඇත. පසු ගිය කාලසීමාවේදී උතුර - නැගෙනහිර ප්රදේශවල අබිරහස් මිනීමැරුම් ගණනාවක් සිදු වූ අතර එම මිනිස් ඝාතනවලට මෙම ත්රස්තවාදීන්ගේ සම්බන්ධයක් තිබේද යන්න පොලිසිය සොයාබලාගෙන යයි.
එමෙන්ම මෙම ත්රස්තවාදීන් බොහෝ විට ශ්රී ලංකාවට පැමිණ ඇත්තේ ධීවරයන් ලෙස වෙස්වලාගෙන නැගෙනහිර මුහුදු තීරය ඔස්සේ බවද අනාවරණය වී ඇත.
මේ අතර ත්රිකුණාමලය, පෙරියකුලම් ප්රදේශයේ දී ඊ.පී. ඩී. පී. සාමාජිකයකු කපා කොටා ඝාතනය කළ සන්නද්ධ කණ්ඩායම
එල්. ටී. ටී. ඊ. සංවිධානයේ සාමාජිකයන් යෑයි ආරක්ෂක අංශ කළ මූලික පරීක්ෂණවලින් අනාවරණය වීමත් සමග අත්අඩංගුවට ගත් තිදෙනා වැඩිදුර පරීක්ෂණ සඳහා ත්රස්ත විමර්ශන කොට්ඨාසයට බාරදී ඇත.
පසුගිය 17 වැනිදා ඊ.පී.ඩී.පී. සාමාජිකයා ඝාතනය කළ පසුව ඔහුගේ මළ සිරුර අසල දමාගොස් තිබූ "ෙද්රdaහීන්ට මරණ දඬුවම නැවත අපි වැඩ පටන්ගත්තා" යන පුවරුවද ආරක්ෂක අංශවල දැඩි අවධානයට ලක්ව තිබේ.
ඝාතනය සිදුකළ පසුව මොවුන් ඉන්දියාවට පලා යැමට උත්සාහ ගත්තද එය අසාර්ථක වූ පසුව ආරක්ෂක අංශ මගින් අත්අඩංගුවට ගැනිණි.
මොවුන් තිදෙනා ප්රශ්න කිරීම්වලදී පවසා ඇත්තේ දකුණු ඉන්දියාවේදී එකට අවි පුහුණුව ලැබූවන් බවයි.
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rdcmlaI,df.a w;a;sjdru ì|jefgñka ;sfí' cd;sjdofhka uq,d fkdù ke.S tk uyck msmdidj ixis|jd .ksuq úi,a lreKdr;akf.a foaYmd,k ú.%yh
^,xld B ksõia -2012'wfm%a,a'01" m'j'6'30& rdcmlaI mjq,a md,kh fuf;la wdrlaId l< iudc mjqre mokï ì| jefgñka mj;S' 2005 § rdcmlaI n,hg m;a flf,a fjkia wfmalaIdjka iys; iudc ;Srhka folls' w;S; rdcmlaIf.a fmdÿck l%shdldß;ajh úiska Tyq jgd f.dkq jQ jdudxYsl uQ,hka iys; lKavdhï iy 2004 bÈßhg meñKs tjlg cúfm iy fy, Wreuh ksfhdackh l< cd;sljd§ iudc ;Srejhs' hqoaOh úiska jfï n,fõ.hka hgm;a lr cd;sl jd§ n,fõ.h Y;alsu;a úh' jfï lKavdhï j,g ;u wkkH;djh ke;s lrf.k tlaflda cd;sljdohg wkq.; ùug fyda ke;akï ;u u;h isyska fl¢ßhla njg m;alr.kak fyda isÿúh' cúfm rx.N+ñfhka bj;a ùu;a iu. rdcmlaI md,kfha .dul u;jdoh njg m;ajQfha fy< Wreuh bÈßhg f.kd u;hhs' ùrjxYo fï u;jdofha u fldgila úh' wdfõkslju Y%S,ksm lKavdhï j,g ;ukagu wkkHh jQ u;hla b;sydih mqrdjgu fkdùh' 70 § iuiudc-fldñhqksiaÜ u;h Tjqkf.a u;h úh' pkaøsldf.a hq.fha § n,h fnod yeÍu fjkqfjka fmkS isájqkag rdcmlaI meñKsúg n,h fn§u jy lÿre úh' pkaøsld iufha§ n,h fn§ug úreoaO jQfha t,aààBh;a fy< Wreuh;a muKs' kuq;a fy< Wreuh md,k n,hla bis¨fõ ke;' cúfm mßmd,kuh n,h fn§ulg tlÕ ù isáhy' fï ;;ajh u; wo fy< Wreufha u;h rdcmlaI wdKavqfõ fkdks< u;h úh' ffki¾.slj cd;sjdÈhl= jQ uyskaogo fuu u;h ord isáu b;d myiq úh'
cd;sljd§kaf.a wfmalaId
------------------------------
cd;sl fy< Wreuh m%uqL uyskaog iydh m, l< cd;sl n,fõ.hkaf.a wfmalaIdj jQfha uef,aishdfõ N+ñmq;% ixl,amhg wkqj hñka isxy,hkag jeä jHdmdßl wjia:d ,nd § úkh.; oejeka; wd¾:sl ixj¾Okhla i|yd uyskaoj fufyh ùug yels jkq we;s njhs' fuu.ska Yla;su;a isxy, jHdmdßl lKavdhula ìys fldg l%udkql+,j fou,-uqia,sï jHdmdßlhska w; we;s wd¾:sl Yla;sh ySk lr isxy,-fn!oaO wdêm;Hhl ia:dms; lsÍu Tjqkaf.a ieÕejqkq woyi úh' isxy, ùr úoyk jeks ixúOdk j, kHdh m;%h jQ fha fuhhs' flfia fj;;a fõ.j;a wd¾:sl ixj¾Okhlg hd yels njg lsisÿ ielhla Tjqka ;=, fkdùh' mYapd;a hqo iuh fï i|yd b;d wk.s wjia:djla újr jQ nj Tjqkaf.a .Kka ne,Su úh' cúfm fuka udlaiajdoh iy cd;sjdoh w;r foda,kh fkdjQ fy< Wreuh ;ukaf.au oelaula iys;j l%shd;aul jQjls' Tjqka újD; wd¾:slhg iy mqoa.,sl wxYhg tfrys fkdjk neúka iy jdu jd§ka o fkdjk neúka rch iu. lghq;= lsÍu jvd myiq úh' uyskao fjkqfjka fmkS isá w¾O kd.ßl uOHu mka;sfhao wfmalaIdjka óg iumd;S úh'
2009 uehs udifhka miq uyskao f.a .uka u. jeà we;af;a fï ud¾.fha nj fndfyda ueÈy;a úpdrlhskaf.a u;h úh' mlaI úmlaI ish¿ fokd w;ru hqoaOfhka miqj oejeka; wd¾:sl ixj¾Okhlg wjia:dj Wod ù we;s njg fmdÿ woyila úh' fï nj oDIHudk lrñka há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍug;a wd¾:sl j¾Ok fõ.h 8] l by, uÜgul r|jd .ekSug;a rch lghq;= lrkq oelsh yelsúh' W;=re iy kef.kysr jika; u.ska isÿ flfrk há;, ixj¾Okh u.ska fou< cd;sl wNs,dIhka hgm;a lr .; yels nj neis,shdkq o¾YKh úh'
wfmalaId ì|jeàu
-----------------------
kuq;a fï ish¿ iqN isysk jir folla ;=, ì| jefgkakg úh' {d;s ix.%yh" by, isg my, olajd byjyd .sh ¥IKh" rcfha m%Odk ;k;=re kqiqÿiaikaf.ka msrùu ;=,ska u;=j we;s wld¾hlaIu;djh" ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSfï fkdyelshdj wd§ fya;=ka u.ska mßmd,kh iïmQ¾Kfhka ì| jefgñka ;sfí' flá ld,Sk Kh u.ska rcfha kdia;sldr úhoï mshùu u.ska rg oejeka; wd¾:sl w¾nqohl wNshig f.kú;a we;' fvd,rhg idfmalaIj remsh, b;sydifha oejeka;u lvd jeàug ,laù ;sfí' m%uqL;djh Èh hq;= ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s fjkqjg fldñia iy .id lEï j,g bv i,ik jHdmD;s l%shdjg kexùu u.ska m%d.aOk wfhdack j, M,odhS;djh ySk ù we;' bÈß udi lsysmh we;=,; oejeka; wd¾:sl w¾nqohlg ck;djg uqyqK §ug isÿjk nj ksh;h'
cd;sl jd§kaf.a wfmalaIdjka ìojefgñka mj;skafka wd¾:sl lafIa;%fha mukla fkdfõ' wfmalaIs; O¾u rdcHho ì| jefgñka ;sfí' md,kh /l .ekSug wd.u;a" cd;sl Wreuh;a fu;rï fhdod.;a wdKavqjla fmr fkdùh' tfia ;sìh§;a uy oj,a fl!;=l NdKav w;=reoyka fõ' wdKavqfõ m%dfoaYSh kdhlfhda foaYmd,k /ljrK fhdod.ksñka uy ojdf,a u;a øjH jHdmdrfha fhfo;s' ia;%S ¥IK" ñkS ueÍï fmr fkdjQ úrE f,i by, ke. ;sfí' ixpdrl ;reKshka m%dfoaYSh foaYmd,k kdhlhka imsßjßka ¥IKh lr;s' tfrysjk fmïj;=ka à-56ka fjä ;nd urd ou;s' mkai,l fl!;=l jákdula we;s fohla ;snqkfyd;a th ix>hd jykafia,df.a wjidkh h' kS;sfha md,kh" úkh wka;hgu msßyqkq fujeks ld,hla b;sydifha ljr lf<lj;a ;sî ke;'
2009 § uy;S¾ fudfyduâ fidhd.sh pïmsl rKjlg 2012 § uq.dfí yuqù ;sfí'
cHd;Hka;r mSvkh
--------------------------
rdcmlaI md,kfha mgq iy wmßk; úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh ksid fuf;la fkdne¢ rgla f,i f.!rjhg m;aù ;snQ ,xldj wka;jd§ m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë rgla f,ig kdulrKh ù we;' cd;Hka;rh ,xldj i,lkafka ;j;a nqreuhla fyda ,sìhdjla f,ih'
fmdfrdkaÿ lv lsÍï" /jàï" fndrelSï yryd fï jk úg bkaÈhdj iy cd;Hka;rfha úYajdih rdcmlaI md,kh úiska ke;slrf.k we;' fou< ikaOdkh iu. rch meje;ajQ idlÉPd lsisÿ M,odhS wjidkhlska f;drj weK ysg ;sfí' miq.sh Èkl forK jdysKsfha 360 jev igykg iyNd.S jQ iquka;srka uka;%Sjrhd ;uka rch iu. idlÉPd j,§ moku f,i ie,l=fõ hqoaOfhka miq ckdêm;sjrhd md¾,sfïka;=j wu;d l, l:dj nj fmkajd ÿkafkah' tfia ;sìh§;a fuu idlÉPd l%shd odufha§ rcfha md¾Yjfhka isÿ l< fkdi,ld yeÍï" j.lSï úrys; l%shdldrlï iy meyeÈ,s fya;=jla fkdue;sj isÿ lrk l,a ueÍï Tjqkag ienE f,iu úi÷ulg meñKSfï wjYHj;djhla weoaoehs m%Yak lrk nj fmkajd ÿkafkah'
kej; jrla md¾,sfïka;= ldrl iNdjla m;a lsÍug rch fhdackd lsÍu u.ska ;j;a l,a ueÍug ork W;aidyh fou< ikaOdkfha muKla fkdj cúfm jeks isxy,jd§ mlaIj,o bkaÈhdfõ o fkdi;=gg fya;= ù we;' rcfha fuu ukao.dó Ndjh bkaÈhdfõ ðkSjd ;SrKhg tla m%Odk fya;=jla nj ueÈy;a úpdrlhkaf.a woyihs'
wdKavq fjkila
-------------------
j;auka rcfha ks, u;h wkqj Tjqka t,at,awd¾iS jd¾;dfõ ks¾foaY l%shd;aul lrkafka ke;' tfiau ðkSjd fhdackd ms,sn| iqNodhs m%;spdrhla olajkafka o ke;' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i ,xldj cd;Hka;r kS;sh fkdi,lk wNHka;r ixys¢hdj iy m%cd;ka;%jdoh ms,sn|j ixfõ§ fkdjk m%Yak.; rdcHhla f,i ie,lSu je,elaúh fkdyel' fujeks m%Yak.; rdcHhkaaf.a wdKavq fjkia lsÍu i|yd cd;Hka;rh ksrka;rfhka Wkkaÿ jk nj ryila fkdfõ' ukao h;a tjeks m%Yak .; rdcH iu. YsIaGdpdr f,dalhg bÈßhg hd fkdyels neúks'
fï jk úg cd;sl .eg¿jg wju jQ úi÷ulg fyda meñKSug rdcmlaI md,kh iu. yelshdjla fkdue;s nj fou< ikaOdkh muKla fkdj bkaÈhdjo jgyd f.k we;s nj fmfka' weußldkq fhdackdjg mlaIj ckaoh §u u.ska bkaÈhdj yÕjkafka fuhhs' fuys ir, woyi kï bkaÈhdj Y%S ,xldfõ wdKavq fjkila wfmalaId lrk njhs' fou< ikaOdkh úmlaIh iu.ska wjfndaOhlska hq;=j l%shd lsÍug fm<fUkafka fï ksihs' hdmkfha meje;afjk úmlaI taldnoaO uehs /<sh foaYmd,kslj b;d jeo.;a jkafka fï w¾:fhkah'
úmlaIh úl,amhla úh hq;=h'
----------------------------------
m%Yakh jkafka N+ foaYmd,kfha fï isÿfjk fjkialï j,g wkqj wdKavq fjkilg úmlaIh iQodkïo hkakhs'
t,at,awd¾iS ks¾foaY yryd wdKavqj úiska we;sl, foaYfm%aó foaYfødayS ir, f¾Çh fn§ug hg fkdù fuu ks¾foaYhka l%shd;aul lrk f,i tcdm h .;a ia:djrh ksjerÈh' fou< ixOdkho ks< jYfhka fuu ia:djrfha isà' uqia,sï fldka.%ih ish ks< ia:djrh m%ldYhg m;a lr we;s njg fuf;la oek .kakg ,eî ke;' rch iu. isák jfï fldgiao ks¾foaYhka l%shd;aul l< hq;=hehs lshd isà' wfkl=;a nyq;rhla m%cd;ka;%jd§ mlaI t,at,awd¾iS fhdackd l%shd;aul lr rfÜ m%cd;ka;%jdoh Yla;su;a lsÍug lsisÿ úfrdaOhla olajkafka ke;'
úl,am rdcH kdhlhd jk úmlaI kdhljrhdf.a N+ñldj fï ;;ajh ;=, w;sYh jeo.;ah' rks,a úiska rÕ oelaúh hq;af;a 77 § fÊwd¾' pß;h fkdj" 65 § vâ,s rÕ oelajQ pß;h nj wmf.a woyihs' tod vâ,sg isxy, cd;sljd§ rdcr;ak" jfï ms,sma" Y%S,ksm fha iS'mS o is,ajd iy fou, kdhl fp,ajkdh.ï f.a úYajdih tlúg Èkd .ekSug yelsúh' 65 n,hg meñKs Tjqkg 70 olajd iïmQ¾K ks, ld,h wdKavq lsÍug yelsúh' fï jk úg úmlaI kdhljrhdg fou< kdhlhskaf.a iy jfï lKavdhï j, úYajdih Èkd .ekSug yels ù ;sfí' uqia,sï ck;djf.a iy l÷lr ck;djf.a iydh úmlaI kdhl jrhdg ,nd.; yels njg ielhla ke;'
ta iu.u nyq;r isxy, ckhdf.a úYajdiho wjYHh' lsishï ixúOdkhla" lKavdhula fyda mqoa.,fhla isxy, fn!oaO ckhdf.a whs;Ska fjkqfjka fmkS isàu jrola fkdfõ' jrola jkafka wfkl=;a cd;Skaf.a whs;sjdislï fkdÈh hq;=h hk wka;jd§ u;fha isàuh' fï jk úg foaYfma%uh .ek l:d lsÍfï fmagkaÜ whs;sh ;sfnkafka ;ukag mukla nj úrjxY" o;a fodia;r jekafkda is;;s' foaYfm%añhd hkakg ùrjxY-v,ia mgq ks¾jpkh fjkqjg jvd;a mq¿,a lshùulg hd hq;= wjia:dj meñK ;sfí' úrjxY-v,ia g wkqj rdcmlaI,dg iydh fokafkda foaYfm%añfhdah' tfia fkdjkafkda foaYfødaysfhda h' ta wkqj u¾úka is,ajd foaYmaf%ñfhls' ;x.,af,a m%dfoaYSh iNd iNdm;so foaYfm%añfhls' udkj ysñlï fjkqfjka úYd, ld¾hNdrhla isÿ lrk kS;s{ je,swuqK uy;d foaYfødaysfhls' wm fhdackd lrkafka ish¿ cd;Skaf.a whs;Ska fjkqfjka fmkS isákakka foaYfm%aókah' wjYHjkafka tjeks foaYfm%aókaf.a tluq;=jls'
wju jevms,sj,la
-----------------------
ld yg;a tlÕ úh yels wju jev ms,sj,la hgf;a úmlaIfha ish¿ mlaI taldnoaO úh hq;= nj wmf.a woyihs' foaYmd,k mlaI muKla fkdj nyqck ixúOdk" isú,a ixúOdk" jD;a;sh iñ;s" nqoaêu;=ka fukau YsIH ixúOdk jeks n,mEï lKavdhï j,o iydh fmdÿ jevms,sj,la Wfoid ,nd .; hq;=h' fuu wju jev ms,sjf,a ixhqla; ldrKd f,i my; i|yka ldrKd flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l, yel'
1' úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh fjkia lsÍu
2' ±kgu;a jHjia:d.; 13 jk ixfYdaOkh iy t,at,awd¾iS ks¾foaY mQ¾K f,i l%shd;aul lsÍu
3' w,a,ia iy ÿIK uev meje;aùu iy hy md,khg wod, idOkSh ;sridr hdka;%Khla we;s lsÍu
4' wêl Ôjk nr g laIKsl iy §¾> ld,Sk ms,shï fh§u
5' kS;sfha wdêm;Hh iy wêlrKfha iajdëk;ajh ;yjqre lsÍfï ;sridr hdka;%Khla msysgqùu
Y%S,ksmfha wNHka;rfhka ke.S tk u; fNao iukh lr .ekSo Wfoid;a" rg ;=, cku;h ;sfnkafka ;uka iu. nj cd;Hka;rhg fmkaùu i|yd;a úfYaIfhkau bÈßfha§ we;sùug kshñ; wd¾:sl w¾nqoh yuqfõ we;súh yels uyck wm%idoh u. yeÍu i|yd;a fmr ue;sjrKhlg hdfï bv lvla we;s nj fmfka'
rdmlaI mjq, wdrlaId l< mjqre mokï fufia tlsfkl ì| jefgoa§ Tjqkg wdrlaId ùug kï bÈß ld, jljdkqj ;=, úreoaO mlaI n,fõ. w;r yels;dla u;fío we;s lsßu l< hq;=h' Tjqkg fjk;a úl,amhla ke;' ta i|yd ±kgu;a ls,S uyrdcd;a-árdka w,ia uka;%S jHdmdßlhd;a rdcmlaI kHdh m;%h l%shd;aul lrkq ´kEu mqxÑ ,ufhl=g jqjo f;areï hk i;Hhls' cd;sjd§ ið;a-lre md¾Yjh ls,S uydrdcdf.a rElv ù we;s w;r" wjdikdjlg fckrd,a f*dkafialdo árdka w,ia f.a rElvhla lrf.k ;sfí'
Tjqka cd;sjd§ úl,am uehs Èk meje;aùug iqodkï jkafka o taldnoaO úmlaIhla ks¾udKh ù ;sìh§;a th mq¿,a lr .ekSug iydh m< fkdlr tu Woaf>daKhka lvd lmam,a lrñka úmlaIfha kj cd;sjd§ ikaOdk f.dv ke.Su .ek fodvjkafkao fuu rdcmlaI kHdh m;%h wkqjh' rdcmlaI,dg wo we;s m%Odk foaYmd,kh kï rfÜ ke.S tk m%cd;ka;%jdofha" hy md,kfha iy ixys¢hdfõ msmdidj fjkqjg by; lS msßi yryd ;u cd;sjd§ u;jdofhka ck;dj uq,d lsÍuh'
tneúka l,a fkdhjd Yla;su;a ienE úmlaI n,fõ.hla f.dv k.d ck;djf.a m%cd;ka;%jdofha" hy md,kfha iy ixys¢hdfõ msmdidj ch.%yKh l< hq;=h -úi,a lreKdr;ak úisks-
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ngysr-Ök iS;, hqoaOfha§ ,xldj igka ìula lr.kak urd bvÿkakd -ðkSjd fhdackdj .ek kj udkhla

ColdWar_LeN_02.03.2012
^,xld B ksõia -2012'wfm%a,a'02" m'j'6'30& ðkSjd fhdackdj iuï; ùu iu. foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka fujeks ñY% m%;spdr m< fjoa§ fuu fhdackdj msgqmi ;sfnk cd;Hka;r foaYmd,k m%jK;d yd n,fõ. flfrys ksis wjOdkhla fhduq fkdjQ nj o th wkd.; wk;=r jgyd .ekSug ndOdjla jkafka hehs o m%n, u;hla bÈßm;a fjñka ;sfí'
fï iïnkaO wjOdkh fhduq lrk md¾Yajhka lshd isákafka ðkSjd iuq¿j fj; wefußldj úiska bÈßm;a l< fhdackdj msgqmi ;sfnkafka wefußldj iy Ökh w;r f.da,Sh n, wdêm;H i|yd wdrïN fjñka mj;sk kj iS;, n, wr.,h njhs' ta i|yd Ökh iu. l,dmSh n, wdêm;H i|yd ;rÕ je§ isák bka§hdfõ Wmßu wdYs¾jdoh weußldjg ysñ jQ nj;aah'
Ökh iy wefußldj w;r wishdfõ wdêm;H i|yd miq.sh oYlh ;=< we;sù ;sfnk n, wr.,h fï jk úg cd;Hka;r foaYmd,kfha ;SrKd;aul ,laIhla njg m;aj ;sfí' ta ;j;a oYl lssysmhla .; jk úg Ökh f,dalfha Yla;su;au wd¾Ólh ysñ rg njg m;a jk njg bÈßm;aj we;s mqfrdal:k wkqj muKla fkdj fï jk úg Ökh úiska ish wdêm;H i|yd cd;Hka;r ;,fha iqúfYaI jevms<sfj<lao Èh;a fldg we;s ksidh'
Ökh cd;Hka;r ;,h ;=< ish ia:djrNdjh ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd wkq.ukh lrñka isákafka b;d meyeÈ,sj ngysr úfrdaë yd ngysr rdcHj, Woyig ,la jQ rdcH fj; ish iydh m< lsÍu u.sks' fï ;;a;ajh miq.sh ld,h ;=< Ökh úiska cd;Hka;r ;,fha m%.+K lrñka isák wdldrh ±lsh yelsh' ta wkqj udkj ysñlï we;+¿ ±jeka; fpdaokd t,a, jk wdishdkq" wm%sldkq yd ,;ska wefußldkq rdcH fj; Ökh ish Wmßu iydh m< lrñka issák w;r wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k yd wdrlaIl jYfhka tu rdcH iqrlaIs; lsÍfï ld¾hhg o Ökh fhduq ù ;sfí' úfYaIfhka wm%sldkq l,dmfha Ök odhl;ajh wefußldj m%uqL ngysr rgj,g ±ä ysirola jQfha tu rgj, md,lhska Ökh iy we;eï úg ksrka;rfhka ngysr úfrdaOh yuqfõ fmkS isák reishdfõo iydh ,nd f.k ±jeka; f,i udkj ysñlï W,a,x>kh lrñka wka;jdoh fmdaIKh lrk fyhsks'
fï ;;a;ajh yuqfõ j¾;udkh jk úg wm%sldkq l,dmfha ;SrKd;aul N+ñldjla ksrEmKh lsÍug Ökhg yelshdj ,eî ;sfnk w;r th wefußldj m%uqL hqfrdamfha ±ä fkdi;=gg yd NS;shg fya;= ù ;sfí'
miq.sh oYlfha§ wm%sldj fj; ish iqúfYaI wjOdkh fhduq l< Ökh wdishdfõ N+ foaYmd,kfha uQf,damdhslj msysá ,xldj flfrys iqúfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍug mgka .;af;a wi,ajeis l,dmSh uy n,j;d jk bka§hdfõ mjd ±ä fkdßiaiSug yd ielhg Ndckh fjñks'
fuys§ ,xldfõ zzÖkd.ukh ZZ i|yd wjYH ish¨ myiqlï iïmdok lrkq ,enqfõ j;auka rdcmlaI md,kh úisks' ta i|yd rdcmlaI md,kh fhduq ùu flfrys ;SrKd;aul jQfha j;auka md,kh miq.sh jir 07 ;=< wkq.ukh l< m%;sm;a;s fya;=fjka foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka ks¾udKh lr .;a ngysr úfrdaë úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh yd ngysr úiska jeo.;a fldg i,lk udkj ysñlï" hymd,kh" kS;sfha wdêm;H" iq¿ ck iyNd.S;ajh jeks jákdlï j,g olajk fkdie,ls,su;a wdl,amhs'
wdKavqfõ fuu m%;sm;a;sh miq.sh ld,h mqrd ,xld wd¾Ólfha ;SrKd;aul N+ñldjla ksrEmKh l< ngysr rdcHj, ±ä lKiai,a,g Ndckh jQ w;r ta lKiai,a, t<shg meñKsfha ;rula r¿ wldrhks' ta wkqj ,xldfõ wd¾Ólfha ;SrKd;aul weÕ¿ï i|yd ,nd ÿka ;Sre nÿ iyk ^ Ô'tia'mS & wysñ lsÍu jeks ;ru;a oro~Q m%fõYhla wefußldj m%uqL ngysr úiska wkq.ukh l< w;r th rcmlaI md,kfha ys; iqj mssKsi fya;= fkdùh'
fï w;r fldá ixúOdkh iu. meje;s hqoaOh ;SrKd;aul f,i wjika lsÍu iu. n,h fnok foaYmd,k úi÷ula bÈßm;a lrk f,i bka§hdj m%uqL cd;Hka;r m%cdj rdcmlaI md,kfhka b,a,d isá w;r udkj ysñlï iqrlaIs; lsÍu fyda n,h fnok foaYmd,k úi÷ula fj; rdcmlaI md,kh m%fõY jQfõ ke;' Tjqka ta fjkqjg yels iEu wdldrfhka u ngysr úfrdaë wdl,am fmdaIKh lsÍug mshjr .;af;ah'
fï iu. tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh we;=¿ cd;Hka;r ixúOdk iu. o .egqulg .sh rdcmlaI md,kh wjidkfha irK fidhd mshke.=fõ Ökh iy reishdj fj;h' tys§ o Ökh fj; jeä keUqrejla ±la jQ j;auka md,kh wjidkfha Y%S ,xldj Ökfha fld<Kshla olajd ;;a;aj ÿr È. f.k .sfhah' ta rdcmlaI md,kfha wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k wdrlaIlhd njg Ökh m;a lr .ekSu iu.sks'
rdcmlaI md,kh hgf;a ,xldj ;=< j¾Okh fjñka mj;sk fï jd;djrKh bka§hdfõ o ielhg yd lKiai,a,g ,la jQ w;r bka§hdj th WmdhYS,Sj úi|d .ekSug ksrka;rfhka mshjr .;af;ah' tfy;a Ökh ms<sn|j wê ;lafiarejl isák rdcmlaI md,kh È.ska È.gu bka§hdj /jàug ,la l< w;r jv jvd;a Ökh fj; ;,a¨ fjñka isáfhah'
Y%S ,xldj ;=< wefußldkq úfrdaOh yd Ök wdêm;H ;yjqre fjñka meje;sh § ueofmrÈ. rgj, yg.;a wrdì jika;h i|yd Ökh m%;súfrdaë wdl,ahla wkq.uk lf<ah' ,sìhdj wdÈ taldêm;s wdKavqj,g t<smsgu iydh ÿka Ökh ngysr rdcHj, ±ä Woyig ,laj isák brdkh" isßhdj i|yd iydh ,nd ÿkafka wefußldj m%uqL ngysr rgj, Woyig ,la fjñks'
Ökfha fuu m%;Sm;a;sh iu. f,dalh mqrd me;sr .sh m%jK;djla jQfha ngysr úfrdaë ish¨ rgj,a Ökh iy reishdj m%uqL rgj,a lsysmhla lrd fõ.fhka .uka fldg ±ä ngysr úfrdaOhla ;yjqre lr .ekSuhs' fï /,a, ;=< j;auka rdcmlaI md,kh o ksoyfia mSkd .sfha udkj ysñlï .ek ie,ls,su;a jk ngysrg jvd Ökd irK hdu jvd;a jdisodhl hehs is;ñks'
brdkh" isßhdj" W;=re fldßhdj we;=¿ Ök /ljrK ,nk rdcH f.dkak u¾Okh lsÍfï yd Ök jHdma;jdoh md,kh lsÍfï jqjukdfjka isá wefußldj m%uqL ngysrg miq.sh udkj ysñlï iuq¿j ;SrKd;aul jQfha tys§ Ök we,sh jvd;a Yla;su;a ùug wjia:dj fidhñka isá fyhsks' brdkh yd isßhdj ms<sn| m%Yakfhka ±ä fia fyïn;a ù isá ngysr rgj,a fï w;r fou< vhiafmdardj we;=¿ cd;Hka;rfha ±ä n,mEï yuqfõ ,xldfõ udkj ysñlï ;;a;ajh iïnkaOfhka o ±ä wjOdkhla fhduq lf<ah'
thg fya;= .Kkdjla ;snQ w;r thska jvd;au jeo.;a jQfha Y%S ,xldfõ udkj ysñlï ;;a;ajh iqrlaIs; fldg ;yjqre lrk f,i ngysr rgj,ska È.ska È.gu t,a, jQ mSvkh fkdi,ld rdcmlaI md,kh l%shdlsÍuhs' fï i|yd miq.sh udkj ysñlï iuq¿fõ§ Y%S ,xldfõ /ljrKh ie,iQ bka§hdfõ o iydh ysñ jQfha ,xldfõ fou< ck;dj .ek muKla fkdj Ök jHdma;sh .ek o bkaÈhdj ±ä fia ie,ls,su;aj isá ksidh'
fï fya;=j u.ska Ök jHdma;jdoh md,kh lsÍfï jqjukdfjka isá ngysr rgj,g iaj¾Kuh wjia:djla rdcmlaI md,kh úiska ,nd ÿkafkah' ta Ökh cd;Hka;rh ;=< fldka lsÍug yd Ök iydh ,nñka udkj ysulï fl<iñka ngysrg wNsfhda. lrk lsisu rdcHlg cd;Hka;r ;,fha iqrlaIs;Ndjla ke;s njg ks, yd ;srir wdldrfhka ;yjqre lsÍug fï yryd wjia:dj ,enqKq fyhsks'
miq.sh udkj ysulï iuq¿fõ§ Y%S ,xldj ,;a ±jeka; mrdch foi n,k úg b;d meyeÈ,sj fmkS hkafka wkd.;fha§ isÿjk Ök ngysr .egqfï fl<s ìu njg ,xldj m;aùfï ksh; wk;=rla mj;sk njhs' th j;auka md,kh we;=¿ wxY lsysmhla flfrys ;SrKd;aul n,mEula fhduq lrkq we;' fuu .egqfï f.dÿre njg Y%S ,xldfõ ck;dj m;ajqjfyd;a Bg Wvf.ä ÿka j;auka w¥ro¾YS md,kh iïmQ¾K j.lsj hq;= jkjd we;
-Nd;sh nrelkao úisks-
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yÈis uyd ue;sjrKhlg f.dia pkaøsld l%ufha merKs wxÑhg urd iQodkï fõ
^,xld B ksõia -2012'wfm%a,a'05" m'j'12'30& rdcmlaI frÔuh fï jk úg wd¾Ól jYfhka" wNHka;r foaYmd,k jYfhka iy cd;Hka;rfhkao weo jeà we;s w¾nqofhka f.dv taug ms<shula fkdue;s neúka yÈis uyd ue;sjrKhlg hEu .ek l,amkd lrñka isák nj z,xld B ksõiaZ fj; jd¾;d fõ'
fuu yÈis uyd ue;sjrKfhka ch .ekSug frÔufha lsisÿ n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla fkdue;s nj;a fuh jrla pkaøsld l=udrK;=x. ckdêm;sksh úiska lrkq ,enQ wdldrfha m%fhda.hlg úmlaIh yiq lr .ekSug udk ne,Sula njo jd¾;d fõ'
yÈis uyd ue;sjrKhlska úmlaIhg wudre chla ,nd § cd;Hka;rfha n,mEu fjkia jQjdhska miq tkï jir 2 lg miq úOdhl n,h fhdojd md¾,sfïka;=j úisrejd h,s;a jrla ;u n,h ;yjqre lr .ekSfï pkaøsld l%ufha ie,iqula l%shd;aul lsÍug frÔudêm;s jrhdf.a WmfoaYlfhda Wmfoia §we;'
rdcmlaI frÔuhg lfâ jk mlals,shka w;r fÊHIaGhd hehs is;d isák" wf;a r;s[a[hlaj;a m;a;= lr fkd.kakd jhil§ fndaïnhlau wf;a m;a;= lr .;a zÿrÈ. olskZ l;= jrfhl= f,i fmkS isákafkla fuu l=uka;%Kh fjkqfjka tfya fufya ÿjñka isák nj jd¾;d fõ'
m<uq jHdhduh ù we;af;a ue;sjrKhlg fkdf.dia cd;sl wdKavqjla .eg .id .ekSu kuq;a úmlaIfhka Bg ,eî we;af;a ldrd .ik fl< myrla jk w;r frÔufha n, wr.,fhau isák neis,a rdcmlaIf.kao ,eî we;af;a krl m%;spdrhla nj;a ±k .kakg we;'
miq.shod ÿr m<d;l m%foaYSh kdhlfhl=g frÔudêm;sjrhd yuqùug meñKs wjia:djl§ mjid we;af;a pkaohlg iQodkï jk f,ihs' kuq;a zÈkkak kï ys;kak tmdZ hehso frÔudêm;sjrhd Tyqg mjid ;sfí'
j;auka ;;a;ajh .ek m<d;a uÜgñka /iaùï ud,djla meje;aùug wdKavqj iQodkï lr we;s w;r tys m<uq jekak miq.sh bßod uykqjr fnda.ïnr msáfha§ meje;ajQ kuq;a uq¿ uOHu m<df;kau Bg iyNd.S ù we;af;a mkaoyilg;a wvq ixLHdjls' oUq,af,a ckl nKavdr f;kakfldakaf.ka meñKs fooyila muK msßi fkdwdjdkï /iaùu ;j;a wid¾:l ùug bv ;sìks' uykqjr meje;ajQ m<uq /iaùfukau wid¾:l Ndjh fmkakqï l< neúka b;sß /iaùï 8 mj;ajkjdo ke;so hkak .ek wdKavq mlaIh i,ld n,ñka isà'
wdKavqj yÈis ue;sjrKhla mj;ajd rks,a úl%uisxy m%uqL tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg n,h ,nd §" ckdêm;s tf,iu isák neúka pkaøsld f,iu jir follska th úisrejd yer h,s;a n,h ,nd .ekSfï wdKavqfõ zÑ;%l;djZ h<s;a l%shd;aul lrkafka kï úmlaIh o Bg iß,k zuy È. Ñ;%l:djlaZ l%shd;aul lrkakg ie<eiqï ilia lrñka isák njo z,xld B ksúiaZ fj; jd¾;d fõ'
MaRa seeks Chandrika’s power capturing mode after going for snap election
(Lanka-e-News-06.April.2012, 2.00PM) Since the Rajapakse regime is currently headed for a holocaust from an international standpoint due to its fiscal bungling and in the international political scene, it is contemplating holding a snap general election as a way out of this abysmal mess it has driven itself into , according to reports reaching Lanka e news.
Because the regime cannot expect under any circumstances currently to win the elections , like how ex President Chandrika Kumaranatunge did , is planning to secure the assistance of the opposition to bail itself out.
The advisors of the regime chief had counseled him to allow the opposition to win a hard fought elections ,and thereafter when the grave international pressures had eased and issues resolved , following in the lines of Chandrika , take back the reign after two years using his executive powers.
A worthless brat of the shameless unscrupulous sordid stooge brigade of the Rajapakse regime who thinks and poses as a senior and ‘far sighted’, is running wild in all directions like a rat towards achieving this end ,reports say.
As a first exercise , it has sought to appoint a national Govt. ; but, the response from the opposition had been most unfavorable, and its own Basil Rajapakse who is the regime’s pivot in its campaigns has also shown an antagonistic response, it is learnt.
When a leader of a remote province came and met the President recently , the latter had told him to get ready for elections. But ‘don’t think of winning’, the President had told him.
The regime had organized a series of meetings at district level in connection with the prevailing dire situation in the country .The first meeting of this series was held last Sunday at the Bogambara ground , Kandy .
But only a poor crowd of less than about 5000 had attended it. If the group of 2000 from Dambulla of Janaka Bandara Tennekoon had not arrived at the venue , the meeting would have been a disastrous and dismal failure. As the first meeting itself of the series showed signs of flop ,the Govt. party is now considering whether the remaining 8 meetings shall be held or not.
The plan of the Govt. is to hold snap elections and Ranil Wickremesinghe shall be installed in power , while President is to remain in his position ; and in the same way as Chandrika capture back power after two years by dissolving Parliament . If the Govt. is seeking to give effect to this ‘film story’ again , the opposition too is making preparations to give effect to even a longer ‘film reel’ to match that of the Govt. , reports say.
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O¾udfYdal fjkjo @ uq.dfí fjkjo @ ;SrKh ckdêm;s wf;a -ux., md¾,sfïka;=fõ l< iïmQ¾K l;dj

Mangala_Yahoo_LeN_04.04.2012
^,xld B ksõia -2012'wfm%a,a'04" m'j'6'00& ðksjd udkj ysñlï fldñifï § Y%S ,xldj ms<sn| iïu; lr .;a fhdackdj iïnkaOfhka wo ^03& md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ l,a ;eîfï újdohla meje;aúK' tys§ ysgmq úfoaY wud;H ux., iurùr uy;d l< l;dj lemS fmfkkakla úh' tu ksid iurùr uy;df.a l;dj iïmQ¾Kfhka m<lsÍug wm ;SrKh flf<uq'
zzwo wm rg;a" rdcmlaI rch;a b;du;au ;SrKd;aul uxikaêhlg meñK ;sfnk nj;a" rdcmlaI ckdêm;sjrhd úiskau m;a lrk ,o fldñIka jd¾;dfõ ks¾foaY ls%hd;aul lrñka" YS% ,xld b;sydifha kj msgqjla fmr,ñka b;sydifha wvqmdvq yd jerÈ mfilg ;nd rg jvd;a m%cd;ka;%jd§ yd fi!Nd.Hu;a hq.hla lrd f.k hñka O¾udfYdal rc;=ud .sh wämdf¾ hkjdo" tfia ke;skï mqreÿ .uka u. hñka cd;Hka;rj yqol,d jQ fp!r rdcHhla ìys lrñka" uq.dfí jeks taldêm;skaf.a wämdf¾ hkjdo lshd ;Skaÿ l< hq;= fudfyd; wo fuu rchg Wod ù ;sfhk nj tlai;a cd;sl mlaI md¾,sfïka;= uka;%S ux., iurùr uy;d mjihs'
j¾;udk f,dalh ;=< lsisu rglg ;ukaf.a m%cd;ka;%jd§ ksrej; ;u rfÜ cd;sl fldäfhka jidf.k ;ukaf.au ck;djf.a udkj whs;Ska lv lrkakg m%cd;ka;%jd§ uQ,O¾uhka md.d oeóug whs;shla ke;s njo Tyq i|yka lf<ah'
Tyq tu ldrkd i|yka lrkq ,enqfõ wo ^04& md¾,sfïka;=j ;=, mej;s" ðkSjd fhdackdj ms<sn| úfYaI újdohg iyNd.S fjñks'
tu újdofha§ iurùr uy;d fufiao i|yka lf<ah'
zmiq.sh 22 jeksod ðkSjd kqjr tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj ysñlï ljqkai,fha§" YS% ,xldfõ" W.;a mdvï yd m%;sixúOdk fldñIka jd¾;dj i|yka lr we;s jHqyd;aul ks¾foaYhka ls%hd;aul lsÍu iïnkaOfhka bÈßm;a jQ fhdackdj nyq;r Pkaofhka iïu; jqkd'
tu fhdackdj iïu; ùu rgla yeáhg YS% ,xldj ,nd.;a oejeka; mrdchla f,i;a" fuh msgqmi wm rgg Bßishd lrk" ffjr lrk t,a'à'à'B' ys;jd§ rgj,a isák nj;a" fuu fhdackdj rfÜ cd;sl iaffjÍNdjhg lrk ,o úYd, wNsfhda.hla yd ;¾ckhla nj;a" fï ;=<ska wfma rfÜ wNHka;r lghq;=j,g cd;Hka;r m%cdj kS;s úfrdaë f,i ueÈy;a ù we;s nj;a rcfha ckudOH fukau" rcfha j.lsjhq;a;ka È.ska È.gu m%ldY lrkjd'
wo uq¨ f,dalh úYaj .ïudkhla njg m;a fjñka" iEu rglau tlsfkld w;r hefmk ;;a;ajhla we;sfj,d ;sfhkjd'
ta wkqj" cd;Hka;r m%cdjg ;j rgl wNHka;r n,mEï lrkakg lsisfia;au whs;shla ke;ehs lshk rdcH;dka;s%l u;h 21 jk ishjfia cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;dj,g j,x.= jkafka keye' hï rgl rchla ;u rfÜu mqrjeishkaf.a m%cd;ka;%jd§ whs;Ska Wÿrd .kakjdkï" tfiau" ;u mqrjeishkag ysxid mSvd lrkjd kï ta wh fjkqfjka cd;Hka;r m%cdj ueÈy;aùfï yelshdj wo úúO cd;Hka;r .súiqïj,ska ,xldj we;=¨ f,dalfha ish¨ YsIaGiïmkak rgj,a ms<sf.k ;sfhkjd'
ir,j fuu woyi lshkjd kï" j¾;udk f,dalh ;=< lsisu rglg ;ukaf.a m%cd;ka;%jd§ ksrej; ;u rfÜ cd;sl fldäfhka jidf.k ;ukaf.au ck;djf.a udkj whs;Ska lv lrkakg m%cd;ka;%jd§ uQ,O¾uhka md.d oeóug whs;shla ke;s njhs'
WodyrKhla yeáhg" iudchl kS;sÍ;s wkqj wmsg wfmau f.or ;=<§ jqjo wm ifydaorfhl=g" wfma orejl=g myr fokakg tfia ke;skï urd oukakg lsisu whs;shla keye' tjeks wjia:djl§ fmd,sish wms fidhd meñKs úg" zfï uf.a orejd" fï uf.a f.or" ta ksid ;uqfi,dg whs;shla keye' uf.a f.a we;=f< fjk foaj,aj,g we.s,s.ykakZ" hehs lshñka kS;sfhka mekhdug neß jf.au" f.da,Sh .ïudkhl Ôj;ajk wms cd;Hka;r .súiqï yd kS;sÍ;sj,g wkql+,j lghq;= lrkak" wms úúO .súiqï yd tl.;ajhkag ne£ isákjd' úfYaIfhkau tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkhg tjeks n,;, ,nd§ug wm rg;a È.ska È.gu j.lsjhq;= rgla yeáhg lghq;= lr ;sfhkjd' ^weuqKqï 01-iNd.; lrk ,§ &
cd;sl iaffjÍNdjfha kdufhka rchlg ;ukaf.a rg ;=< u;= jk foaYmd,k úreoaOjd§ka u¾okh lsÍug tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh bv fkdÈh hq;= njg ðkSjdys udkj ysñlï fldñiug uq,skau fmkajd ÿkafka" wo tys YS% ,xld ks;H ksfhdað;jßh yeáhg lghq;= lrk ;udrd l=.kdh.ï uy;añhhs'
1987 § t,a'à'à'B' ixúOdkh fjkqfjka tod lreKq bÈßm;a lrmq f,dal ls%ia;shdks iïfï,kfha ksfhdað;jßhla yeáhg ðkSjd fldñiug iyNd.s jQ t;=ñh tys§ úfYaI m%ldYhla o l,d' ^weuKqï 2'1- iNd.; lrk ,§&
tmuKla fkdj" l=.kdh.ï uy;añh tod ;u l;dj wjika lrkafka" ;%ia;jdoh yd fnÿïjdoh .ek l;d lrñka udkj whs;Ska iïnkaOfhka ;;a;ajh u. yßkakg bv fokak tmd lshñka tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkhg wdhdpkd lrñka'
l=.kdh.ï uy;añh l< iïmQ¾K l;dj iNd.; lrk w;r" th yekaidÙ jd¾;dfõ we;=<;a lrk f,io b,a,d isákjd' ^weuqKqï 2'2&
1989 §;a bka miqj;a udkj whs;Ska W,a,x>kh ùu bÈßfha cd;Hka;r m%cdjg wm rgg n,mEï l< hq;= hehs fï iNdfõ§u kej; kej;;a ;ukaf.a u;h meyeÈ,sj m%ldY lrk ,oafoa" ud;a iu. uõjrekaf.a fmruqfKa iu le|jqïlre jYfhka lghq;= lrmq .re uyskao rdcmlaI uka;S%;=udhs'
uu ,xldj ;=< talrdYS lrk ,o f;dr;=re ish,a, t;=ud úiska iEu ud¾;= udifha§ iy Tlaf;dan¾ udifha§ ðkSjd kqjr meje;ajQ udkj whs;Ska fldñIug /f.k f.dia" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkhg ,xldfõ tjlg ;snQ m%Yakj,g ueÈy;a jk f,i È.ska È.gu b,a,d isáhd'
zzuu wrf.k .sfha fï rfÜ wïud,df.a wf|dakdjhs' ta .ek lshkak ug ksoyi keoao@ tu uEKsjrekaf.a wfodakdj ;uhs wr rgj,a 12 lg weys,d ;sfhkafkaZZ ^90 Tlaf;dan¾ 25 yekaidâ jd¾;dj - msgq wxl 366&
uka;S%jrfhla yeáhg t;=ud iStÉwd¾ fldñIug we;=<;aùfï n,m;% tfia ke;skï neÊ tl ,nd .;af;a zlafjdal¾ mSia ´¾.khsfiaIkaZ hk ixúOdkfhka' fï iEu wjia:dfõ§u Tyq fuu ieisjdrhkag iyNd.s jqfKa wo ;%ia;jd§ka yeáhg rdcH udOHfhka yxjvq .ik ksu,al,d" iqkkao,d" iqks,d wfífialr,d" iQßhd úl%uisxy,d tlal'
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkhg wm rgg weú;a wm rfÜ lreKq fidhd n,kakg wjir fokak lshñka md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< n, lf<ao .re uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=udhs'
1989 foieïn¾ 04 jeksod yekaidâ jd¾;dfõ 941 jeks msgqfõ i|yka jk wdldrhg t;=ud r;= l=rei yuqodjg ,xldjg taug wjir §u iïnkaOfhka ;u ia;+;sh rchg m< lrñka t;=ud fufia lshkjd' zzta jf.au fï hqkhsgâ fkaIkaia j¾lska .DDma T*a tkaf*d¾iaukaÜ weka bkafjdÆkag¾ia" äi¾msh¾rkaiia wekaâ weïfkiaá bkag¾ keIk,aZ lshk wdh;kj,g;a ,xldjg tkak wjir fok f,i wms b,a¨jd' fï wdh;k folgu tkak fokak lshd wms b,aÆjd' uu fï wjia:dfõ§ Tn;=udf.ka b,a,d isákjd" fï wdh;k
folg;a ,xldjg weú;a fï lreKq .ek fidhd n,kak wjir fokak lsh,dZZ hhs tod t;=ud lsjd'
tmuKla fkdj" udkj whs;Ska ms<sn| fldkafoais YS% ,xld rchg mekúh hq;=hs lshk b,a,Suo lf<a rdcmlaI uka;S%;=uduhs' zzwms wdOdr fok rgj,ska weyqjd ''''"wehs neß wdOdr fok .uka fï rfÜ udkj whs;sh ms<sn| fldkafoaishla mkjkak lshd" wkak ta b,a,Su ;uhs wms lf<a' tal ;uhs wo bgqlr ;sfnkafkaZZ ^1990 Tlaf;dan¾ 25 yekaidâ jd¾;dj - msgq wxl 365&
fï iïnkaOfhka t;=ud kej;;a 1991 ckjdß 25 jeksod md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ fufia lshkjd'
zzwdOdr fok rgj,aj,g wms .syska lsõfõ ;uqkakdkafia,dg mq¨jka kï fï fï tajd lmkak lshd lshkak' fï rfÜ ñksiqkaf.a udkj whs;sh rlskakehs lshk tl;a fï wdKavqjg lshkakh lshk tlhs' tfia kï wdOdr §fï§ th fldkafoaishla jYfhka odkakh lshk tl jerÈo lshd uu ;uqkakdkafiaf.ka wykjdZZ ^msgq wxl 424&
fuys§ uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ud ug fm!oa.,slj;a bka miqj fï md¾,sfïka;=jg;a ,nd§mq jvd;a jeo.;a Wmfoila fï wjia:dfõ§ uu isysm;a lrkjd'
zzwdKavqj udkj whs;sh ke;s lrkak hkjd kï ðkSjdj,g fkfuhs" f,dalfha ´kEu ;eklg" tfyu ke;akï krldÈhg fyda f.dia tu wdKavqjg úreoaOj ls%hd l< hq;=hehs"ZZ lshmq m%ldYh ^90-10-25 yekaidâ jd¾;dj-msgq wxl 424&
fï rfÜ ck;djf.a wf|dakdj" fï rfÜ wysxilhkaf.a wf|dakdj msgrglg fkdfjhs ´kEu wylg .syska lshkak ´kEhs" lshk ta jákd Wmfoi ^91-01-25 yekaidÙ jd¾;dj - msgq 424& jir 22 lg miqj;a uu kï b;du;au wdvïnrj ms<smÈkjd'
tod uyskao rdcmlaI uka;S%;=uka,d" ;udrd l=.kdh.ï,d" ksu,ald m%kdkaÿ,d" iqkkao foaYms%h,d iyNd.s jqfKa tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj whs;Ska fldñIug' kuq;a tu fldñIug udkj whs;Ska iïnkaOfhka rgla ;=< ilS%hj iïnkaOùfï yelshdj jvd;a Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd" ilS%hj ueÈy;aùfï n,;,o ,nd foñka" w¨;a o;a tlal 2006 § tlai;a cd;skaf.a udkj whs;Ska ljqkais,h msysgjkq ,enqjd'
YS% ,xldj;a fuu udkj whs;Ska ljqkai,h ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd Pkaoh ,ndfoñka ish¨u rgj,a Tjqkaf.a foaYmd,k" wd¾:sl yd ixialD;sl moku l=ula jqjo" udkj whs;Ska yd uQ,sl ksoyi j¾Okh lsÍug;a" wdrlaId lsÍug;a ne£ isák njg ;j;a ;yjqre lrk w;r" tfia fkdue;s wjia:dj, tlai;a cd;Skag tu m%Yakhg ueÈy;aùug we;s whs;sh ms<s.;a;d' uu úfoaY weu;sjrhd jYfhka isáh§ ckdêm;s;=ud m%uqL leìkÜ uKav, wkque;sh we;sj 60$251 fhdackdjg iyh ÿkakd' ^weuqKqï 3 -iNd.; lrk ,§'&
tmuKla fkdj" 2009 uehs udifha hqoaOh wjika jQ ú.iu uyskao rdcmlaI ckdêm;s;=ud tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha uy f,alï neka lS uQka bÈßfha ;jÿrg;a ;ukaf.a cd;Hka;r j.lSï ta wdldrhg bgq lrkakg tlÕ;ajh m< l<d' fuh 2009 uehs 23 jeksod úfoaY wud;HxYh úiska ksl=;a lrk taldnoaO m%ldYfha fufia i|yka lr ;sfhkjd' ^weuKqï 4& fuu taldnoaO m%ldYh uq¿ukskau yekaidâ jd¾;dfõ m< lrk f,i uu b,a,d isákjd'
fï miqìu ;=< 2010 uehs udfi 15 jeksod ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=udf.a kshufhka" wdh;ksl mßmd,k yd kS;suh úi÷ï ks¾foaY lsÍu i|yd W.;a mdvï fldñIu m;a lrkq ,enqjd'
fuu t,at,awd¾iS ckdêm;s fldñIfï wjidk jd¾;dj .re ksu,a isßmd, o is,ajd iNdkdhl;=ud úiska 2011 foieïn¾ 16 jeksod md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ iNd.; lrñka" flá ld,hla ;=<§ ;udg mejrkq ne?reï ld¾hhka lemùfuka yd j.lSfuka bgq lsÍu ms<sn| ckdêm;s;=ud kej;;a ish ia;+;sh tu fldñIka iNdjg m< lrk njg m%ldY l<d'
j.lSfuka yd lemùfuka bgq lrk ,o t,at,awd¾iS ckdêm;s fldñIka j¾;dj iy tys ks¾foaYkhka ðkSjd fhdackdj u.ska cd;Hka;r m%cdjo WKqiqï f,i ms<sf.k ;sfhkjd' ^weuKqï 5 -iNd.; lrk ,§&
tmuKla fkdj" fuu fhdackdjg úreoaOj Pkaoh §mq rgj,a mjd" t,at,awd¾iS ckdêm;s fldñIka jd¾;dj w.h l,d w;r" Tjqka b,a,d isáfhao fuu ckdêm;s fldñiu ls%hd;aul lsÍug ld,h;a bvm%ia:dj;a ,nd fok f,ihs'
,xldjg iyfhda.h ÿka reishdjo fuu ckdêm;s fldñIka jd¾;dj yels;dla blaukska ls%hd l< hq;= njg m%ldYlr we;s nj whs,kaÙ mqj;amf;ao i|yka ù ;snqkd'
ckdêm;s fldñIka fndfyda ÿrg l=Kq nlalsfhka wjika jk hq.hl uyskao rdcmlaI ckdêm;s;=udf.a j.lSfuka yd lemùfuka bÈßm;a lrk ,o t,at,awd¾iS jd¾;dj" fï wdldrhg buy;a ms<s.ekSulg ,laùu ckdêm;sjrhdg o wdvïnr úh yels lreKla'
fï wdldrhg mq¨,a iyfhda.hla fuu jd¾;djg m%ldY ù ;sfnk fudfyd;l ðkSjd fhdackdj cd;Hka;r l=uka;%Khla hehs yxjvq .iñka t,at,awd¾iS ckdêm;s fldñIka jd¾;dj ls%hd;aul lsÍfuka rch mek hkakg yokjd kï" tfia ke;akï l,a urkjd kï" fï rcfha ienE taldêm;s ksrej; uq¨ f,dalhgu fy<sorõ fjkjd'
ðkSjd fhdackdjg;a t,at,awd¾iS ckdêm;s fldñIka jd¾;djg;a úreoaO úh yelafla" taldêm;s isyskfhka fmf<k m%cd;ka;%jd§ úfrdaëkag;a" wkd.;fha§ ;j ;j;a cd;Hka;r ueÈy;aùïj,g mdr lmk cd;sl fldäh weÕ jfÜ ojgd .;a foaYfødaySkag;a ú;rla hehs uu ;rfha lshd isákjd'
,xldj ;j;a fldxf.dajla" W.kavdjla tfyu;a ke;akï isïndínhla njg m;a lrkak fï wh oÕ,jd' uyskao rdcmlaI ckdêm;s;=ud ;j;a uq.dfí flfkla lrkak W;aidy lrkjd' nqreuh mjd m%cd;ka;%jdoh lrd kej;;a .uka lrk fudfyd;l ,xldj wdishdfõ kj nqreuh njg m;a lrkak fï wh W;aidy lrkjd' ienE ñ;=rka i;=rka njg wms wmsu m;a lr .kakjd'
ðkSjd fhdackdjg uQ,sl;ajh .;a weußld tlai;a ckmoh" hqfrdamSh ix.uh muKla fkdj" tu fhdackdj,shg Pkaoh ,ndÿka wfma wi,ajeis bkaÈhdj" ÿflaÈ;a iefmaÈ;a wm rgg ieuod iyfhda.h ÿka l,HdK ñ;%hka nj wms wu;l fkdl< hq;=hs' wm rfÜ ksIamdokj,g úYd,;u fjf<| fmd< imhkafka weußldj iy hqfrdamhhs'
wmf.a wdfhdackj,ska ;=fkka tllau ñ,§ .kafka tlai;a ckmohhs' 2010 § muKla we'fvd' 1'7 ì,shk jákd NdKav ksIamdok weußldj úiska ñ,§ f.k ;sfhkjd' tmuKla fkdj" t,a'à'à'B' ixúOdkhg tfrysj f.k .sh ix.%dufha§ Tjqkaf.a iyfhda. b;du;au ;SrKd;aul idOlhla jqkd'
1997 § ì,a la,skagka ckdêm;sjrhdf.a md,k iufha§ t,a'à'à'B' ixúOdkh weußldfjka ;ykï ixúOdkhla njg m;a lsÍug Tjqkag úYd, miqnEula jqkd'
tmuKla fkdj" ud úfoaY weu;sjrhd jYfhka isáh§ hqfrdamSh ix.uh ;=< t,a'à'à'B' ixúOdkh ;ykï lr .ekSug f.k .sh W;aidyfha§ o weußld tlai;a ckmoh ÿka iyfhda.h wu;l l< fkdyelshs'
tod rgj,a 25 lska iukaú; hqfrdamSh ix.uh ;=< rgj,a 07 la t,a'à'à'B' ;ykug tlÕ jQfha keye' hqfrdamSh ix.ufha tjlg jHjia:dj wkqj talu;sl ;Skaÿlska f;drj fï lghq;a; lsÍug wmyiq jqkd' tu ksid uu fldkav,Sid rhsia rdcH f,alï;=ñh lSmj;djla uqK .eiS" ksfhdacH rdcH f,alï ksl,ia n¾kaia uy;df.a ls%hdldß;ajh u; wlue;s jQ rgj,a yf;ao leue;a; ,nd .ksñka 2006 uehs 29 jeksod t,a'à'à'B' ixúOdkh hqfrdamSh ix.uh ;=< ;ykï lr.kq ,enqjd' tu ;yku t,a'à'à'B' ixúOdkh ,nmq úYd,;u mrdchla njg t,a'à'à'B'h úiskau ms<s.;a w;r" tu jif¾ uyúre Èk m%ldYh lrñka m%Ndlrka cd;Hka;r m%cdj ,xld rchg /jeà we;s nj lshñka cd;Hka;rhg neK jeÿkd'
tmuKla fkdj" weußld tlai;a ckmoh úiska t,a'à'à'B ixúOdkh weußldj ;=< úúO kïj,ska uqo,a tl;= lsÍu keje;aùu i|yd mQ¾K ld,Sk tacka;hka 41 la isák úfYaI tallhla msysgjk ,oafoa 2006 ckjdß udifha§ fldkav,Sid rhsia uy;añhf.ka ud lrmq b,a,Sula wkqjhs' ta jf.au udf.a b,a,Su wkqj" t,a'à'à'B' wdhqO ñ,§ .ekSu keje;aùu i|yd weußldfõ uQ,sl;ajfhka leïfndaähdj" uef,aishdj" ;dhs,ka;h" úhÜkduh jeks rgj,a tl;= lrf.k by<u uÜgfï lñgqjla msysgqjkq ,enqjd'
hqoaOh ch .ekSug muKla fkdj" wm ixj¾Ok lghq;=j,g;a weußldj úYd, jYfhka Woõ lrkakg iQodkï jqKd' 2003 § rks,a úl%uisxy w.ue;s;=ud ckdêm;s fcda¾Ê ví,sõ nqIa uqK .eiqKq fj,dfõ ñf,akshï fhdackdj,sh yryd wdOdr fok rgj,a 17 ka tlla yeáhg ,xldj f;dar .;a;d' tajd Kh fkdfjhs" fyd| m%cd;ka;%jd§ miqìula ;sfhk rgj,a ú;rhs f;dard .;af;a' ,xldfõ há;, myiqlï ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd we'fvd' ñ,shk 780 la ,xldjg fjka ù ;snqkd'
2006 § úfoaY weu;sjrhd yeáhg ckjdß udifha§ fjdIskagka kqjrg .sh wjia:dfõ§ fuu ñf,akshï wdOdr fok rgj,a w;ßka ,xldjg tu uqo, uq,skau ,nd§ug tlÕ;ajh m< l< w;r" 2006 iema;eïn¾ udifha§ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uy iNdj i|yd uyskao rdcmlaI ckdêm;s;=ud ksõfhda¾la k.rhg tk wjia:dfõ§ fcda¾Ê ví,sõ nqIa iu. tu .súiqu w;aika lrkakg ;SrKh l<d'
ksjdâ lírd,a uy;aud fï lghq;a; ,xld rch fjkqfjka iïnkaëlrKh lsÍu i|yd;a uu kï l<d'
rfÜ wjdikdjlg fï rg ;=< ;snqK ;;a;ajh iy cd;Hka;r m%cdj ;=< wm rg .ek ;=< ;snqK m%;srEmh ì| jeàug mgka .;af;a 2006 ckjdß udih;a iema;eïn¾ udih;a w;rhs' rúrdÊ uka;S%;=ud we;=¨ md¾,sfïka;= uka;S%jreka >d;kh lrkakg mgka .;a;d' ;s%l=Kdu,fha YsIH >d;k isÿ jqKd' m%xY wdOdr fiajlhka 17 la >d;kh l<d' W;=fr;a ol=fK;a w;=reoykaùï mgka .;a;d' W;=fr;a ol=fK;a ckudOHfõ§kaj >d;kh lrkakg" ;¾ckh lrkakg mgka .;a;d' iqÿ jEka fi,a,u;a mgka .;af;a fï ld,fha'
uq,skau iqÿjEka ;¾ck t,a, jqfKa W;=f¾ ck;djg;a" ol=fKa uqia,sï jHdmdßlhkag;a tfrysjhs' kuq;a fï jk úg wdKavq úfrdaëkag muKla fkdj" ckudOHfõ§kag úreoaOj muKla fkdj" YS% ,xld ksoyia mlaIfha ls%hdldÍkag úreoaOj;a iqÿ jEka l%shd;aul fjkjd' miq.sh i;sfha id.r fiakdr;ak uy;d fndfydu wudrefjka Ôú;h fírd .;a;d' Bg m%:u fldf,dkakdj wdikfha YS% ,xld ksoyia mlaIfha iNdm;sjrhd fndfydu wudrefjka Ôú;h fírd .;a;d' 2011 Tlaf;dan¾ 18 jeksod;a" 2012 fmnrjdß 27 jeksod;a w;r ld,h ;=< 26lg jvd jeä m%udKhla iqÿjEka ovhug ,la fj,d ;sfhkjd'
wo wm rg;a rdcmlaI rch;a b;du;au ;SrKd;aul uxikaêhlg meñK ;shkjd' rdcmlaI ckdêm;sjrhd úiskau m;a lrk ,o fldñIka jd¾;dfõ ks¾foaY ls%hd;aul lrñka" YS% ,xld b;sydifha kj msgqjla fmr,ñka b;sydifha wvqmdvq yd jerÈ mfilg ;nd rg jvd;a m%cd;ka;%jd§ yd fi!Nd.Hu;a hq.hla lrd f.k hñka O¾udfYdal rc;=ud .sh wämdf¾ hkjdo" tfia ke;skï mqreÿ .uka u. hñka cd;Hka;rj yqol,d jQ fp!r rdcHhla ìys lrñka" uq.dfí jeks taldêm;skaf.a wämdf¾ hkjdo lshd ;Skaÿ l< hq;= fudfyd; wo fuu rchg Wod ù ;sfhkjd'
O¾udfYdalo@ uq.dfío@ wo ckdêm;sjrhd bÈßfha ;sfhk m%Yakh fuhhs'
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ux.,f.a f,alïg Z.y,d odkak ´vrhZ urd frÔuh ksl=;a lr,d

Ruwan_FerdiB&W_LeN_02.04.2012
^,xld B ksõia -2012'wfm%a,a'02" fm'j'11'30& ux., iurùr uy;df.a f,alï rejka *¾äkekavia uy;dg z.y,d odkak ´vrhZ urd frÔuh úiska ksl=;a lr we;ehs z,xld B ksõiaZ fj; jd¾;d fõ'
fuys m<uq wÈhr f,i Tyqg tfrysj tcdmh ;=,ska úfrdaOhla we;sflrk wdldrfha udOH fufyhqula f.k hkakehso bkamiq .y,d ±ófuka miq th tcdm wNHka;r w¾nqohla f,i yqjd ±laúh yelshehso nhf.da;d § we;s WmfoaYh nj ±k .kakg ;sfí'
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Brutal MaRa regime gives orders ‘attack and finish’-victim targeted is Mangala’s Secretary
(Lanka-e-News-02.April.2012, 11.30PM) The MaRa criminal regime has given orders to ‘attack and finish’ Ruwan Ferdinands, the Secretary of Mangala Samaraweera, according to reports reaching Lanka e news.
It is learnt that BayaGotha had given orders, as a first step , to create through the media an impression that there exists antagonism against him within the UNP , and after the attack is launched on Ferdinands , to blame on the UNP , citing the internal conflicts within it.
In pursuit of this plan , during the last few days , the Rajapakse regime’s latest bootlicking scoundrels Kili-Tiran duo have shamelessly via their media begun a most vilifying vicious campaign for no apparent reason against Mangala Samaraweer and his Secretary Ferdinands.
This Kili-Tiran unscrupulous scoundrels who would stoop to any sordid level to do the regime’s atrocious biddings have taken over the tasks of the Govt. website baboons . The latest Govt. website buffoons are this Kili-Tiran media partners , the practitioners of all the cardinal sins.
The reason for this urgent action of the regime targeting Samaraweera and his Secretary, and the instruction given to attack Ferdinands is based on the rapidly growing conflicts within the Govt. Since the disgruntled groups within the Govt . are increasing , the regime has got cold feet based on the information that Mangala Samaraweera who left the SLFP is commanding tremendous support , and is a growing force with a lot of backing . The Govt.’s fears have increased multifold because, in the past when the Alliance govt. was collapsing , it was Mangala Samaraweera and his Secretary who were the sole architects who rebuilt and revived it with the support of the JVP . The regime is fully aware of this. Due to these aforementioned reasons , these two individuals have been targeted by the regime as their next victims of its vicious vendetta and murderous violence.
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US State Dept. submits report on SL
(Lanka-e-News-05.April.2012, 10.00PM) The US State Department has submitted a report to the US Congress on ‘Measures Taken by the Government of Sri Lanka and International Bodies to Investigate and Hold Accountable Violators of International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law’.
The State department said that this factual supplement explains, in greater detail, issues of international humanitarian law and international human rights law addressed in the Department of State’s March 2012 Report to Congress.
“While this factual supplement draws attention to open questions regarding allegations of violations of international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL), it is not meant to be a legal determination confirming any of those allegations,” it said.
The full report as follows:
Report
OFFICE OF GLOBAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE
April 4, 2012
This factual supplement explains, in greater detail, issues of international humanitarian law and international human rights law addressed in the Department of State’s March 2012 Report to Congress on Measures Taken by the Government of Sri Lanka and International Bodies to Investigate and Hold Accountable Violators of International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law.
This factual supplement explains, in greater detail, issues of international humanitarian law and international human rights law addressed in the Department of State’s March 2012 Report to Congress on Measures Taken by the Government of Sri Lanka and International Bodies to Investigate and Hold Accountable Violators of International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law. While this factual supplement draws attention to open questions regarding allegations of violations of international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL), it is not meant to be a legal determination confirming any of those allegations.
I. Legal Framework
The United States recognizes a State’s inherent right to defend itself from armed attacks, including those by non-state actors such as terrorist groups. In the context of a non-international armed conflict—that is, an armed conflict that is not between states—common article 3 of the Geneva conventions of 1949 provides basic treatment protections to all individuals not taking part in hostilities, including civilians and detained members of the Armed Forces. Its core requirements are that individuals not taking part in hostilities must be treated humanely and without “adverse distinction” based on race, religion, or similar criteria. To this end, the article prohibits murder; cruel treatment; torture; the taking of hostages; outrages upon personal dignity; and the passing of sentences without judgment by a court providing recognized guarantees. Sri Lanka is neither a party nor a signatory to the Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions, which includes more detailed rules relevant to non-international conflicts than those set forth in, article 3.
As with the two previous reports, our assessment of investigations undertaken by the Government of Sri Lanka (GSL) and international bodies is mindful of Sri Lanka’s pertinent international obligations. For example, Sri Lanka is a State Party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and the 1949 Geneva Conventions. In addition, Sri Lanka is subject to relevant customary international law obligations, which in the area of international humanitarian law include the principles of distinction and proportionality, which are intended to protect innocent civilians from harm. The principle of distinction holds that civilians and civilian objects (such as hospitals and schools) shall not be the object of direct attack, though civilians lose this immunity if they directly participate in hostilities. The principle of proportionality prohibits attacks that may cause incidental loss of life, injury, or damage to civilians that would be excessive in relation to the direct military advantage anticipated. The civilian population must not be used to shield military objectives or operations from attack, and parties must take all practicable precautions, taking into account military and humanitarian considerations, to minimize incidental death, injury and damage to civilians.
II. Efforts at Accountability
There are a variety of ways in which a government may undertake effective investigations and other accountability processes. While some international law conventions call for criminalization of certain human rights violations and serious violations of IHL, other routine administrative and special investigative processes, such as commissions of inquiry (COI), can play an important role in establishing a factual record of events. Although COIs and other investigative bodies are often implemented at the national level, in some instances governments seek international participation to bring specialized expertise into, and help foster public confidence in, so-called “hybrid” investigations. Fully internationalized processes undertaken without the relevant government’s consent have generally been pursued by the international community only when the State concerned lacks the capacity, political will, or both, to undertake an independent, credible, and effective inquiry. In the case of serious violations of IHL and human rights, including the type of atrocities alleged to have occurred in the final months of the conflict in Sri Lanka, however, such commissions do not obviate the need for criminal investigation and, if appropriate, prosecutions.
Whether domestic, international, or hybrid, investigative processes should operate consistent with best practices derived from extensive experience in order to be both credible and effective. There are several key criteria for evaluating the adequacy of a COI, including: independence and competence; adequate mandate and authority; witness and COI protection; adequate resources; a public report; and a timely and transparent government response.
A. The Panel of Experts (POE)
On June 22, 2010, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed a three-member Panel of Experts (POE) to advise him on the nature and scope of allegations of violations of international humanitarian and human rights law during the final stages of the conflict, and the implementation of a commitment made in a joint statement by the President of Sri Lanka and the Secretary General on May 23, 2009, to address accountability. The POE consisted of former Attorney General of Indonesia Marzuki Darusman, former South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission Commissioner Yasmin Sooka, and American law professor Steven Ratner.
The GSL strongly opposed the establishment of the POE, and described it as “an unwarranted and unnecessary interference with a sovereign nation.” The POE and GSL were unable to come to agreement regarding the modalities of a visit of the POE to the country. The POE did receive written submissions in response to a set of questions provided by the POE to the GSL, and engaged with the GSL in a face-to-face dialogue.
On April 12, 2011, the POE submitted its report to the UN Secretary General, which he then shared with the GSL.[1] On April 13, 2011, the GSL issued a statement that decried the report as “fundamentally flawed” and “patently biased.” On April 25, 2011, the Secretary General’s office made the report public.
The report highlights a number of allegations of violations by the GSL it describes as credible, including: large-scale shelling of “No Fire Zones,” systematic shelling of hospitals, and summary execution, rape, and torture of surrendering LTTE cadres and civilians fleeing the conflict zone. The report also highlights a number of allegations against the LTTE it describes as credible, including: using civilians as a strategic buffer, forced labor (including of children), and summary executions of civilians attempting to flee the conflict zone.[2] The serious allegations in the report regarding the conduct of both sides, if proven, would indicate violations of IHL and IHRL.
Based on its assessment that the LLRC was “deeply flawed” and did not meet international standards as an accountability mechanism, as well as other obstacles to accountability such as “triumphalism” and the eroded independence of the Attorney General and domestic courts of Sri Lanka, the POE recommended a series of steps to implement the joint commitment on accountability between the UN Secretary General and Sri Lankan President Rajapaksa. The report recommended that the GSL should immediately commence genuine investigations into alleged violations of IHL and IHRL committed by both sides in the conflict and that the GSL should issue a public, formal acknowledgment of its role in, and responsibility for, extensive civilian casualties during the final stages of the conflict. The report also recommends that the Secretary General immediately establish an independent international mechanism to monitor and assess the extent to which the GSL carries out an effective domestic accountability process, as well as to independently investigate credible allegations.
The POE was not a commission of inquiry and thus did not undertake fact-finding, nor did it reach factual conclusions regarding disputed facts or establish culpability for alleged violations. Therefore, the work of the POE did not directly result in a process to hold accountable the individuals alleged to be responsible for violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law. However, by undertaking an assessment of the allegations against the GSL and LTTE in the public record “[i]n order to understand the accountability obligations arising from the last stages of the war…,” the POE established a strong case that such a process is needed.
The Secretary-General transmitted the POE report to the President of the U.N. Human Rights Council and the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights on September 12, 2011. In the announcement regarding the transmittal, the UN also announced the Secretary-General selected UN Population Fund Executive Director Thoraya Obaid to undertake the review of UN actions recommended by the POE. The UN has not completed that assessment.
B. Humanitarian Operation Factual Analysis: July 2006-May 2009
On August 1, 2011, the GSL released a report produced by the Sri Lankan Ministry of Defense entitled “The Humanitarian Operation Factual Analysis: July 2006-May 2009.” The report provides a detailed analysis of the types of atrocities committed by the LTTE, describes the organization’s structure and components, and describes the various failed negotiations with the LTTE and its failure to abide by cease-fire and other agreements with the GSL. The report also describes what it characterizes as the GSL’s “civilian rescue operation” during which it defeated the LTTE. In that context, the report outlines the military procedures used to safeguard civilian lives and protect civilian rights, including institutional frameworks, training, monitoring of alleged violations and investigations/prosecutions. The report does not, however, address any of the alleged violations of IHL or IHRL identified by the POE or available in the public domain. Moreover, while the report contains a table summarizing major offenses committed by Sri Lankan security personnel between 2005 and 2010, the table identifies no recorded offenses for the year 2009, the period during which most of the allegations in the POE report fall.
C. The Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission (LLRC)
On May 15, 2010, President Rajapaksa issued a proclamation establishing an eight-member commission under the Special Commission of Inquiry Law of 1978. Pursuant to this law, the Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission was charged to “inquire and report within six months on the following matters that may have taken place during the period between February 21, 2002 and May 19, 2009:
The facts and circumstances which led to the failure of the ceasefire agreement operationalized on February 21, 2002 and the sequence of events that followed thereafter up to May 19, 2009;
Whether any person, group, or institution directly or indirectly bear responsibility in this regard;
The lessons to be learned from those events and their attendant concerns, in order to ensure that there will be no recurrence;
The methodology whereby restitution to any person affected by those events or their dependents or to heirs, can be effected; and
The institutional administrative and legislative measures which need to be taken in order to prevent any recurrence of such concerns in the future and to promote further national unity and reconciliation among all communities, and to make any such other recommendations with reference to any of the matters that have been inquired into under the terms of this Presidential Warrant.”
Secretary Clinton welcomed President Rajapaksa’s establishment of the commission in her press appearance with Foreign Minister G.L. Peiris during his May 2010 visit to Washington and outlined U.S. expectations that the commission would follow established best practices.
Although initially given six months to report, the GSL extended the deadline for the LLRC report twice, each time for an additional six months. The LLRC commenced public hearings on August 11, 2010, and finished in March 2011. According to the LLRC website, the Commission held 41 field visits and 149 public sittings.
In mid-September 2010, the LLRC provided the GSL a set of interim recommendations that dealt with five topical areas: detention; land issues; law and order; administration and language issues; and socioeconomic and livelihood issues. Particularly relevant to the question of accountability were the recommendations relating to detention and administration and language issues. Although the GSL established an Inter-Agency Advisory Committee (IAAC) to facilitate the implementation of the interim recommendations, LLRC’s final report notes that the GSL has not fully implemented its interim recommendations.
On December 16, 2011, the GSL publically released the LLRC’s final report. The GSL issues the entire report in English but only the executive summary in Sinhala and Tamil. The report makes significant observations and recommendations with respect to the origins of the conflict, land reforms, restitution, and other efforts to reconcile the various ethnic communities of Sri Lanka. In particular, the LLRC calls on the GSL to enact a uniform policy aimed at the resettlement of internally displaced persons (IDPs), to take steps to prevent harassment and attacks on media personnel and organizations, to ensure their freedom of movement and, to investigate alleged crimes against journalists, to prioritize compensatory relief in addition to economic development projects, and to undertake reconciliation projects to reunite the population of Sri Lanka. The report also suggests that the government investigate specific allegations of direct attacks on civilians, launch a full investigation into reports of enforced disappearances and abductions, fund an independent investigation into the veracity of the Channel 4 videos, and investigate allegations of detainee abuse, torture, and summary execution. The Commission’s findings and recommendations regarding international humanitarian and human rights law issues are examined in greater detail in Section III.
D. Assessment of the LLRC as a COI
The following sections evaluate the LLRC’s establishment, mandate, composition, and activities compared to standards outlined by the Department of State in its August 2010 report to Congress.[3]
Independence and Competence:
The members of the LLRC included former Attorney General C. R. de Silva, former Assistant Secretary of the Ministry of Justice Karunaratne Hangawatte, former Legal Advisor at the Sri Lankan Ministry of External Affairs Rohan Perera, former Foreign Secretary and Sri Lankan Permanent Representative to the UN HMGS Palihakkara, former Secretary to the Treasury C Chanmugam, former Deputy Legal Draftsman Manohari Ramanathan, former High Court Judge M.P. Paranagama, and senior attorney at law M.T.M. Bafiq. There was no information that indicated that the GSL consulted with affected communities in selecting the commission members. Despite the high percentage of women and Tamils among those giving testimony, only one of the eight commission members was female (also the sole Tamil commissioner), and only one was from the Muslim community.
All but one of the members of the commission previously worked for the GSL, raising concerns about their independence and impartiality. Two of the commission members were senior government officials during the last months of the conflict, one of whom, Hewa M.G.S. Palihakkara, as Sri Lanka’s Permanent Representative to the UN, publicly commented on behalf of the government on events surrounding many of the allegations raised. Meanwhile, the Chairman of the LLRC served as Attorney General during the period when the 2006-2009 Presidential Commission of Inquiry to Investigate and Inquire into Serious Violations of Human Rights was in operation. That commission was charged with investigating sixteen allegations of serious human rights violations. The International Independent Group of Eminent Persons (IIGEP) identified significant concerns regarding independence of that commission due to the role of the then-Attorney General, the later-Chairman of the LLRC. These factors have fostered the perception that commission members had an interest tied to that of the government in a particular outcome of the commission’s work.
Serious concerns have also been raised regarding the process of questioning witnesses before the LLRC. The POE report describes as “non-confrontational” the line of questioning used when dealing with members of the security forces and issues related to violations of IHL.[4] The POE report goes on to relate that in some cases, commission members appeared to lead respondents with questions that contained the answers. The POE report also claims commission members failed in some cases to pursue important lines of questioning of government officials that could have revealed specific information relating to culpability for violations of IHL and IHRL.[5]
Adequate Mandate and Authority:
In terms of addressing accountability, the LLRC’s mandate was, at least initially, unclear. Based on the phrase, “and to make any such other recommendations with reference to any of the matters that have been inquired into under the terms of the warrant” and verbal assurances by the GSL, the United States government interpreted the LLRC mandate to be sufficiently broad to allow it to address allegations of violations of human rights law and international humanitarian law. On March 4, 2011, in response to U.S. Senate Resolution 84, the Sri Lanka Ministry of External Affairs further clarified the mandate of the LLRC, stating that the Commission’s mandate included consideration of violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law. The Ministry also stated that the Attorney General would have the power to institute criminal proceedings based on the LLRC’s findings.
Witness and COI Protection:
Sri Lanka has no witness protection laws, and there is no information that indicates that the LLRC developed a discrete program for witness protection. According to the recorded testimonies on the LLRC’s website, the commission did allow and take in camera testimony at the discretion of the witness. Meanwhile, experience in other countries has shown that, absent such a program, witnesses, especially those victimized by recent conflict, are unlikely to come forward due to fears of arrest, personal harm, or harm to their families. A number of Sri Lankans informed Department of State officers that they, or people they knew, had declined to appear before the LLRC out of fear of retribution. Additionally, those that come forward publicly in Sri Lanka also run the risk of being branded LTTE sympathizers, heightening the likelihood of reprisal. Reporting by the International Crisis Group (ICG) and other international organizations appears to confirm that some individuals who testified before the LLRC have since received threats by the military. The ICG has also described other situations in which the format of the hearings and the presence of security officials could have served to intimidate individuals appearing to provide statements. The Department of State has received credible first-hand information regarding efforts by the GSL to cause witnesses to alter the retelling of events related to international humanitarian law violation allegations, as well.
Adequate Resources:
While the LLRC heard testimony a number of times and in a number of locations, those hearings may not have provided adequate opportunities for victims to testify. Although the LLRC allocated at least 56 days for sittings in Colombo and 22 days in the North and East of Sri Lanka, the State Department received several complaints from people in the North who wished to testify but were unable to do so because of the rushed sittings of the LLRC in those areas. Such persons often were told to make written submissions to the Commission, although in some cases witnesses lacked resources to do so or were illiterate. In addition, while the LLRC may have had adequate resources to conduct hearings, its staff had no investigators or lawyers with experience investigating IHL violations.
Government Response:
In submitting the LLRC report to Parliament, Leader of the House Nimal Siripala de Silva, on behalf of the government, stated that the proper way to respond to the report was to establish a mechanism to gather information, investigate accusations, and refer possible charges to the Attorney General. President Rajapaksa has not publicly commented on the LLRC Report. However, the GSL has informed the Department of State of three entities within the government created to respond to the LLRC. The first is a cabinet sub-committee created to address the recommendations within the LLRC report regarding demilitarization, land reform, and freedom of expression. The second group is a board of inquiry within the Sri Lankan Army (SLA) that will address demilitarization of the North and other general reforms to the military. Finally, a five-member court of inquiry led by a Major General in the SLA has been established to investigate the specific allegations of serious violations identified in the LLRC report. News reports have indicated that this court will also investigate the Channel 4 video. This court will refer any cases it finds credible to the Attorney General for prosecution. Sri Lankan officials also made clear to Department of State officials that individuals can bring additional allegations to the SLA court of inquiry or the Attorney General. The Department of State is not aware of any formal action plan to implement the LLRC’s final recommendations from November 2011 or its interim recommendations from September 2010. In its report, the LLRC expressed its fear that its recommendations would suffer the same fate as past recommendations by Sri Lankan COIs and go unanswered by the GSL. The LRRC concluded that its recommendations should be “implemented expeditiously.”[6]
III. Evaluation of the LLRC Findings & Recommendations Regarding Accountability
A. Civilian Casualties
The LLRC report recognizes that significant civilian casualties occurred during the final stages of the conflict. In particular, the report details the testimony of witnesses reporting eight attacks by GSL Security Forces against civilians that the witnesses describe as intentional. Those allegations include: three reports of shelling civilians; two reports of the Navy targeting civilian boats; one report of the Army forcing civilians to retrieve the body of an Army soldier while under fire; one report of 35-40 civilians dying when a food line was shelled; and one report of the Army shelling 40-45 expectant mothers. Regarding these specific instances, the report states, “[T]he Commission stresses that there is a duty on the part of the State to ascertain more fully, the circumstances under which such incidents could have occurred, and if such investigations disclose wrongful conduct, to prosecute and punish the wrong doers.”[7] However, the Commission’s final recommendations only call for further investigation into “observation 4.359 vi. (a) and (b) and any reported cases of deliberate attacks on civilians.”[8] The relevant sections of 4.359 to which this recommendation refers list two reported attacks by the navy and the incident involving the forced retrieval of an Army soldier’s body, meaning that the report does not ultimately recommend investigation into the other five instances reported by the Commission.
The LLRC’s recommendations fall short of fully acknowledging all credible allegations of intentional attacks on civilians by the GSL and LTTE. The LLRC report does not call for investigations into allegations of deliberate attacks on civilians in the Vanni other than the three instances briefly discussed in the report. For other civilian casualties, the report concludes that they “appear to be due to cross fire, the LTTE’s targeted and deliberate firing at civilians, as well as due to the dynamics of the conflict situation, the perils of the geographical terrain, the LTTE using civilians as human shields and the LTTE’s refusal to let hostages get out of harm’s way.”[9] The LLRC report details the technological capabilities of the GSL to detect and distinguish civilians from the LTTE, including GPS and special reconnaissance missions into the Vanni, and concludes that the “the military strategy that was adopted to secure the LTTE-held areas was one that was carefully conceived, in which the protection of the civilian population was given the highest priority.”[10]
This conclusion, however, does not consider whether the government security forces properly used the capabilities examined in the report, whether attacks were directed at LTTE forces rather than civilians, or whether those attacks were proportional. The report also calls for a professionally-administered household survey in all parts of the island to determine the full scale and circumstances of death and injury to civilians in order to resolve the “unverified sweeping generalization of a highly speculative nature as regards casualty figures.”[11] In late February 2012, the GSL Department of Census and Statistics published “Enumeration of Vital Events, 2011, Northern Province, Sri Lanka,” a report of a census the department conducted in June and July 2011 of households in the former conflict region. Amongst many figures on population statistics during the last five years of the conflict, the report noted 7,934 deaths in the Northern Province in 2009 due to non-natural causes, with an additional 2,635 persons reported as untraceable. These figures, however, have been widely criticized by international non-governmental organizations, such as the International Crisis Group, as misrepresentative and not in conformity with professional standards.
The handful of incidents noted in the LLRC report stands in stark contrast to the vast number of credible allegations examined in the POE report. While the GSL’s public statements indicate it maintained a policy of “zero civilian casualties” and the only civilians killings occurred during crossfire, the POE estimated that civilian casualties range from 10,000 to 40,000 for the final months of the conflict.[12] Based on verified reports from civilians, seasoned aid workers, and doctors in the conflict zone, the POE concluded that in many cases, GSL security forces shelled areas it knew to be principally occupied by civilians.[13] In addition, the Department of State’s 2009 Report to Congress listed 208 instances of harm to civilians or civilian objects, which strongly suggests that the LLRC’s conclusion that only three allegations of attacks against civilians deserve further investigation is a gross underestimation. These instances, as well as those allegedly perpetrated by the LTTE in both the LLRC and POE reports, merit further investigation. Hence, the notable gap between LLRC and POE findings regarding civilian casualties suggests that the GSL should establish an accountability mechanism to ensure that all allegations, not just the three identified in the LLRC report, are fully investigated.
With respect to LTTE attacks against civilians, the LLRC concluded that the LTTE was guilty of “grave violations of core Principles of IHL.”[14] Specifically, the Commission found that LTTE cadres used civilians as human shields, shot at civilians attempting to escape to safe areas, forced civilians to provide support services, used military equipment in civilian areas, and forcibly conscripted child soldiers.[15] The POE report found credible allegations for all of these same crimes.[16] The LLRC report contemplates “framing charges against LTTE cadres,” but fails to make specific recommendations about investigating and prosecuting LTTE crimes.[17] Accountability for violations of IHL and IHRL by both sides of the conflict is important to ensure justice for victims, to prevent a resurgence of violence, and for rebuilding Sri Lanka. The GSL should therefore fully investigate abuses committed by the LTTE and hold individuals accountable for such crimes.
B. Shelling of the No Fire Zones (NFZs)
At the end of the conflict with the LTTE, the GSL created a series of “No Fire Zones” (NFZs) aimed at providing civilians trapped in LTTE territory a safe haven into which government forces would not fire. On January 20, 2009, the GSL unilaterally declared the first NFZ (NFZ-1) located about 800 meters from the frontline. Even though the LTTE did not recognize any of the NFZs, the government claimed that it would continue to recognize the humanitarian spaces. Within days of establishing NFZ-1, however, government forces began shelling within the safe area, reportedly because they had taken fire from LTTE forces within NFZ-1. A pattern soon developed in which the LTTE would use NFZ-1 to fire on GSL forces, and then GSL forces would respond with heavy shelling into NFZ-1. Once it realized that NFZ-1 was not protecting civilians and was being used by the LTTE for cover, the GSL created a second NFZ (NFZ-2) on February 12, 2009. The same pattern of violence emerged in NFZ-2, however, and the government established a significantly smaller third NFZ (NFZ-3) on May 8.
The LLRC report concludes that Sri Lankan security forces did not deliberately target civilians in the NFZs. The report states that although civilian casualties occurred “in the course of crossfire,” “there appears to have been a bona fide expectation that an attack on LTTE gun positions would make a relevant and proportional contribution to the objective of the military attack involved.”[18] The LLRC concluded that returning fire into the NFZs was not a violation of the IHL principles of distinction or proportionality because “Security Forces were confronted with an unprecedented situation when no other choice was possible and all ‘feasible precautions’ that were practicable in the circumstances had been taken.”[19] According to the LLRC, making determinations about the units responsible for the contested shelling would be nearly impossible.[20] Despite the purported impossibility of investigating shelling in the NFZs, the LLRC nonetheless concluded that the LTTE was responsible for the majority of civilian deaths in the NFZs. The LLRC did not make any recommendations to investigate who was responsible for the shelling of civilians in the NFZs, but does call for compensation to be provided to all affected parties.
Reports from the POE and the UN directly contradict the conclusions of the LLRC with respect to civilian casualties in the NFZs. The POE report concludes that credible allegations suggest that the GSL deliberately or negligently targeted civilians within the NFZs.[21] For instance, in one incident on January 24, 2009, civilians and medical workers reported that hundreds of civilians died at a UN hub amidst intense shelling coming from government positions. LTTE cadres reportedly never fired within 500 meters of the UN hub, and because of GPS and reports to the GSL by the UN and ICRC, the government security forces were aware of the hub’s location. In other reported incidents, GSL forces shelled food distribution lines, hospitals, and IDP encampments known to the GSL.[22] In another incident, the POE report found that 140 civilians were killed on March 26 in Ambalavanpokkanai by artillery fire from government positions.[23] The report also states that the civilians were capable of being identified by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) often used by the GSL. Furthermore, the POE report states that the Sri Lankan Security Forces repeatedly used Multi-Barrel Rocket Launchers (MBRLs) and other large artillery, which are used to shell large areas of land rather than return fire on specific locations, against targets in the NFZs.[24]
Another report done by the UNITAR Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT) for the Panel of Experts used satellite time-series imagery to conclude that the Sri Lankan Army (SLA) established and maintained capabilities to fire substantial quantities of artillery munitions into areas heavily populated with IDPs, specifically NFZ-2 and NFZ-3. The UNOSAT report found that that the SLA repeatedly rotated the fire bearing of heavy caliber howitzers towards NFZ-2 and later NFZ-3. The report also states that the SLA erected mortar batteries along the western shore of Nanthi Lagoon without viable military targets except for locations clearly falling with NFZ-2 and NFZ-3, both of which remained populated with tens of thousands of IDPs. UNOSAT also found over ten specific air strike impact craters identified immediately adjacent to IDP tent concentrations, a functioning hospital, and within NFZ-2, contrary to denials by the Sri Lankan Air Force.
The evidence gathered by the POE and UNOSAT indicates that the LLRC report does not adequately address the responsibility for shelling in the three NFZs. While the LLRC report concludes that it is difficult to ascertain the origin of artillery attacks, the government nonetheless has a duty to investigate the alleged abuses committed by Sri Lankan armed forces in the NFZs. Experiences in other post-conflict settings in relation to the use of force demonstrate that ascertaining the origin of shelling in the NFZs is not as impracticable as the LLRC suggests. A more thorough investigation potentially could determine what violations, if any, occurred, who committed them, and the extent to which officials in the government knew about or authorized such violations.
C. Attacks Against Humanitarian Objects
The LLRC report concludes that the Sri Lankan security forces did not deliberately target hospitals and other humanitarian objects in the NFZs. For instance, the report examined an attack against the Vallipunam Hospital and IDP camp nearby on January 21, 2009, which killed over 40 civilians. The LLRC concluded that the origin of the shells could not be accurately determined, but did note that the LTTE were positioned 500 meters away from the hospital.[25] The Commission also believed GSL statements that all patients had been moved from the Anandapuram Hospital before being fired upon by SLA forces, even though reports from aid workers and doctors indicated otherwise.[26] Finally, the LLRC found no definitive evidence that the GSL was responsible for the shelling of Puthukkudiyiruppu Hospital (PTK). The report relies on the testimony of two doctors from PTK stating that no shells hit the hospital and that they did not know from where the shells came. On the other hand, the report also mentions the testimony of a government official being treated at PTK who testified that he and his father-in-law were injured in a direct hit to the hospital and the shell likely came from government forces.[27]
The LLRC report nevertheless concludes, “The Commission is satisfied, on a careful consideration of all the circumstances, that shells had in fact fallen on hospitals causing damage and resulting in casualties. However, the material placed before the Commission points to a somewhat confused picture as to the precise nature of events, from the perspective of time, exact location and direction of fire.”[28] The Commission called for “expeditious grant of appropriate redress” but only as a “humanitarian gesture” to “instill confidence in the reconciliation process.”[29]
In contrast to the LLRC report, the POE report concludes that “Virtually every hospital in the Vanni, whether permanent or makeshift, was hit by artillery.”[30] The Panel found that the PTK Hospital was shelled every day from January 29 to February 4 most likely by the 55th Division of the SLA. The GSL claimed that no hospitals remained in the Vanni, but the POE report found that the UN and ICRC continuously updated the government on the whereabouts of medical facilities and make-shift hospitals in the region. The POE report also mentions that testimony by government doctors from these hospitals may not be accurate because they initially claimed that government forces repeatedly fired on their facilities but later changed their stories to reflect the GSL’s position.[31]
Ultimately, both the LLRC and POE reports indicate that much uncertainty surrounds the extent and origin of shelling against hospitals and other humanitarian objects during the finals months of the conflict. The LLRC did investigate several instances of such shelling, but its conclusion that attacks against hospitals simply represented a “confused picture” neglects the fundamental need to fully investigate potential violations of IHL.[32] As these allegations implicate grave breaches of IHL, they merit full investigation and, if appropriate, prosecution of the responsible individuals.
D. “White Flag” Incident
The LLRC Report also fails to critically analyze or investigate the “white flag” incident, in which high level LTTE leaders were allegedly shot despite assurances from the GSL that they could safely surrender. While the circumstances surrounding the incident remain uncertain, the POE concluded that the LTTE leadership intended to surrender.[33] However, the LLRC only mentioned the above incident in a few short paragraphs, citing testimonies from a general and a government agent dismissing the allegations.[34] The Department of State does not take a position regarding the allegations concerning the “white flag” allegations but notes that the discrepancy between the POE and LLRC reports merits further investigation.
E. Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
The POE Report briefly discusses allegations of sexual and gender-based violence by GSL security forces during the final days of the conflict. The Panel pointed to several videos that strongly suggest that women were raped or otherwise sexually assaulted before being executed, but did not make any definitive conclusions due to a lack of evidence.[35] The POE indicated that this lack of evidence is likely partially due to strong cultural stigmas in Sri Lanka that cause reports of sexual violence to go underreported.[36]
The LLRC report does not address allegations of sexual and gender-based violence at the end of the war.
F. Supply of Humanitarian Relief
The LLRC acknowledges that food and medical supplies became scarce with the intensification of the conflict, but does not surmise that the GSL purposefully underestimated the number of civilians trapped in various combat zones “for the purpose of starving the civilian population as a method of combat.”[37] The report states that amounts of food aid were determined by the government in consultation with the World Food Program (WFP) and other humanitarian organizations and, therefore, these circumstances do not “warrant any possible inference that there was a deliberate intention to downplay the number of civilians in the NFZs for the purpose of starving the civilian population as a method of combat.”[38] However, the LLRC report also concludes that “the issue of medical supplies to civilians in the conflict areas during the final days of the conflict is a matter that requires further examination, given the humanitarian considerations involved.”[39]
The LLRC’s characterization of the government’s role in food distribution contrasts with allegations that the POE found credible. According to the POE report, the GSL purposefully underestimated the number of civilians that remained in the conflict zone so as to justify sending less food and medical supplies into the zone (e.g. the government estimated that only 10,000 civilians remained in NFZ-3, whereas the UN estimated that 100,000 remained). The POE report also states that the Ministry of Defense systematically deprived persons in the conflict zone of humanitarian assistance by imposing extensive restrictions on convoy participants.[40] The GSL based its restrictions on the belief that the materials would be used to benefit the LTTE, but denial of items such as surgical equipment would have increased the suffering of wounded civilians and wounded LTTE belligerents and could only have had a humanitarian purpose, according to the POE.
While the circumstances surrounding the distribution of food and medical supplies into the conflict zone remain uncertain, the civilians who perished or were otherwise harmed in the Vanni because of a lack of humanitarian aid deserve a complete investigation into this matter, and the GSL should instigate an independent and impartial investigation into the government’s possible role in depriving civilians of humanitarian relief.
G. Establishment of NFZs 2 & 3
An important question the LLRC raises but leaves unanswered is why the GSL created a second and third NFZ after becoming cognizant that the LTTE would exploit such zones to launch attacks, to which the GSL would respond, putting civilians in harm’s way. The LLRC report recognizes a pattern in which the LTTE exploited the NFZs and civilians there to attack GSL forces and then force civilians to follow them to the next NFZ. This tactic of using human shields was expressly recognized in both the LLRC and POE reports. The LLRC report concludes, “The conclusions to be drawn from these representations is that the conduct of the LTTE, in gross violation of IHL obligations on the protection of civilians, radically transformed the very character of the NFZ and made it an integral part of the LTTE’s combat operations to achieve their military objectives.”[41] Despite its knowledge that the LTTE used NFZ-1 and the civilians therein as part of its military strategy and that the GSL would respond to attacks from the NFZ thereby harming civilians, the GSL unilaterally declared NFZ-2 on February 12, 2009 and NFZ-3 on May 8, 2009.
In its concluding statements, the LLRC expressly remarked that “The Sri Lankan experience has in fact given rise to a debate as to whether, by unilateral declaration of a No Fire Zone, the Government unwittingly provided the LTTE an opportunity to consolidate itself amongst the civilian enclave for strategic purposes.”[42] The LLRC does not make any recommendations regarding the GSL’s decision to unilaterally create NFZs 2 and 3. Likewise, the POE report does not expressly address this issue, although the POE report does detail the creation of the NFZs and the significant civilians casualties incurred in NFZs 2 and 3. More needs to be done to investigate how and why the GSL decided to create NFZs 2 and 3 after it concluded that the LTTE used NFZ-1 as part of its military strategy and thereby endangered thousands of civilian lives.
H. Enforced Disappearances
The LLRC report states that the Commission is concerned about the number of reports alleging enforced disappearances during the conflict and after surrender or arrest. The report found credible allegations of abductions of at least 12 people in the Batticaloa district, 100 in Mannar, and 6 in Jaffna. The Commission found a “clear duty of the State to cause necessary investigations into such specific allegations and where such investigations produce evidence of any unlawful act on the part of individual members of the Army, to prosecute and punish the wrongdoers.”[43] This impartial tone of the report's findings on the missing turns more partisan, however, when it concludes that such investigations are necessary “to clear the good name of the Army who have by and large conducted themselves in an exemplary manner in the surrender process and when civilians were crossing over to cleared areas, which conduct should not be tarnished by the actions of a few.”[44]
Like the LLRC report, the POE report found a number of credible allegations of enforced disappearance. The Panel reported 32 instances of alleged disappearances in May 2009 alone, many of which involved groups of people rather than individuals.[45] The report recommended full investigation into and potential prosecution for allegations of enforced disappearance by the GSL during and immediately after the conflict.[46] An independent and impartial investigation into reports of enforced disappearance and any resulting prosecution and punishment would bring justice and closure to those affected by missing family members, and the GSL should immediately begin the investigations called for in the LLRC report.
I. Arrest/Detention Policy
The LLRC report makes a number of important recommendations regarding the GSL’s detention policy that the government should implement as soon as possible. The report notes several instances in which LTTE detainees remain in detention without charges and in which next of kin were either not notified of a detainee’s whereabouts or not allowed to visit. The report states that all next of kin should have the right of access to detainees. The LLRC report also states that no person should be detained outside authorized places of detention and that law enforcement authorities should follow legal provisions when taking persons into custody, such as issuing a formal receipt of arrest and providing details of the place of detention.[47] In an important recommendation, the LLRC concludes that “The failure or refusal by the Police to record an arrest, detention and transfer or to record complaints of abductions and failure to investigate the same would constitute a criminal offence and steps should be taken to prosecute such wrongdoers.”[48] The LLRC also recommends that an “Independent Advisory Committee be appointed to monitor and examine detention and arrest of persons taken into custody under any regulations made under the Public Security Ordinance or the PTA.”[49] All of these recommendations are important in ensuring that the rights of detainees are protected. The LLRC makes laudable recommendations about law enforcement procedures for detainees and their next of kin as well as calls for investigations into allegations of violations of those laws.
The Department of State is aware of approximately 228 detainees under investigation remaining in GSL custody and an additional 892 detainees remaining in rehabilitation facilities. The government has permitted international humanitarian organization access to some detention facilities where former LTTE combatants are detained, including the Boosa detention facility where approximately 200 detainees are held. The government does not provide access to any detention facilities operated by military intelligence, stating that none existed. International humanitarian organizations have also only been permitted to visit detainees in rehabilitation as they are released.
J. Videos Showing Evidence of Summary Executions
On May 23, 2011, the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions (SR) Christof Heyns released a report to the Human Rights Council 17th session that, in part, dealt with a video aired by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom. The video in question, provided by Channel 4 on November 30, 2010, is a longer version of the video aired by Channel 4 on August 25, 2009, that purportedly depicted Sri Lankan soldiers summarily executing bound prisoners.
The matter of the original, shorter version of the video is covered in detail in the Department of State’s second report to Congress of August 2010. In summary, the GSL commissioned four experts to evaluate the authenticity of the footage, and ultimately found the footage inauthentic based on a number of factors. Philip Alston, the then-UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, commissioned a separate, independent group of forensic experts to analyze the video. A January 2010 report by these experts concluded that there was strong evidence to suggest the video was authentic. Then-SR Alston contended that the video necessitated an impartial investigation into the question of whether war crimes had been committed.
The extended video investigated by SR Heyns contains additional executions and shows the faces of some soldiers. SR Heyns commissioned three experts to analyze the video, including an audio and firearms expert. As a result of that analysis, SR Heyns concluded that the extended video was authentic, and that it “…provides credible evidence that serious crimes have been committed within the context of the Sri Lankan civil war, which should together with any other available evidence be examined systematically and professionally by domestic investigators, as well as by an independent, international investigational body…”
The LLRC Report directly addresses the Channel 4 videos and concludes that its authenticity cannot be verified through available forensic information. The LLRC Report raises questions about the footage’s authenticity stating that the Commission “finds that there are troubling technical and forensic questions of a serious nature that cast significant doubts about the authenticity of the video and the credibility of its content.”[50] The Report commendably calls for the GSL to “institute an independent investigation into this issue.”[51] While the GSL has said that the Army court of inquiry would investigate the Channel 4 videos, the State Department is not aware of any action by the GSL to implement the LLRC’s recommendation of establishing an independent investigation into the Channel 4 videos.
K. Child Soldiers
The LLRC recommends full investigations into the conscription of child soldiers by the LTTE and other political parties. Notably, the report calls for the Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal (TMVP), the GSL, and UNICEF to fully implement the 2008 Action Plan between the parties to release and reintegrate child soldiers. The LLRC also calls for large-scale projects to reintegrate, educate, and provide counseling for former child soldiers.[52]
The LLRC report also makes an important accountability recommendation regarding the prosecution of recruiters of child soldiers: “In instances where there is prima facie evidence of conscription of children as combatants, any such alleged cases should be investigated and offenders must be brought to justice. In this regard, the complaints of alleged recruitment of children by illegal armed groups/groups affiliated with the LTTE or any political party should be investigated with a view to prosecuting the offenders to ensure that the practice would not occur in the future.”[53]
[1] Report of the Secretary-General’s Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka (Mar. 31, 2011), available at http://www.un.org/News/dh/infocus/Sri_Lanka/POE_Report_Full.pdf [hereinafter POE Report].
[2] POE Report, para. 237-43.
[3] http://www.state.gov/j/gcj/srilanka/releases/145884.htm.
[4] POE Report, para. 323.
[5] POE Report, paras. 323, 326.
[6] LLRC report, para. 8.305.
[7] LLRC report, para. 4.286.
[8] LLRC report, para. 4.360.
[9] LLRC Report, para. 4.359xii.
[10] LLRC Report, para. 9.4
[11] LLRC Report, para. 9.35.
[12] POE Report, para. 137.
[13] POE Report, p. ii.
[14] LLRC Report, para. 4.321 & Chapter 5.
[15] LLRC Report, para. 4.321.
[16] POE Report, pp. iii-iv.
[17] LLRC Report, paras. 4.321 & 9.26.
[18] LLRC Report, para. 4.282.
[19] LLRC Report, para. 4.283.
[20] LLRC Report, para. 9.13.
[21] POE Report, p. ii.
[22] Id.
[23] POE Report, para. 105.
[24] POE Report, para. 100.
[25] LLRC Report, para. 4.119.
[26] LLRC Report, para. 4.121.
[27] LLRC Report, paras. 4.125-4.128.
[28] LLRC Report, para. 4.288.
[29] LLRC Report, para. 4.294.
[30] POE Report, para. 81.
[31] POE Report, para. 130.
[32] LLRC Report, para. 4.288.
[33] POE Report, paras. 170-71.
[34] LLRC Report, paras. 4.234-4.3.237.
[35] POE Report, para. 153.
[36] POE Report, para. 152.
[37] LLRC Report, para. 4.304.
[38] LLRC Report, para. 4.304.
[39] LLRC Report, para. 9.22.
[40] POE Report, para. 209.
[41] LLRC Report, para. 4.274.
[42] LLRC Report, para. 4.335.
[43] LLRC Report, paras. 9.23, 9.48 & 4.319.
[44] LLRC Report, para. 4.319.
[45] POE Report, para. 151.
[46] POE Report, Recommendation 2(B), p. 121.
[47] LLRC Report, para. 9.54.
[48] LLRC Report, para. 5.42.
[49] LLRC Report, para. 5.44.
[50] LLRC Report, para. 4.374e.
[51] LLRC Report, para. 4.377.
[52] LLRC Report, para. 9.77.
[53] LLRC Report, para. 5.96.
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